Perinatal Factors Associated with Cardiovascular Disease Risk among Preschool-Age Children in the United States: An Analysis of 1999–2008 NHANES Data

Table 6

Elevated cardiovascular disease risk factors among US 3-to-6-year-olds if low birth weight, by ethnic group, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999–2008.

	Hispanic		Non-Hispanic Black		Non-Hispanic White
Perinatal Factor	Odds Ratio; (95% CI)	𝑃-value	Odds Ratio; (95% CI)	𝑃-value	Odds Ratio; (95% CI)	𝑃-value
Low birth weight (Y/N)
BMI ≥ 85th %ile for age, sex	0.82 (0.47–1.44)	0.49	0.88 (0.44–1.37)	0.38	0.33 (0.14–0.76)	0.01
BMI ≥ 95th %ile for age, sex	0.99 (0.54–1.83)	0.97	1.01 (0.46–2.23)	0.98	0.37 (0.11–1.22)	0.10
Waist circumference^1	0.89 (0.43–1.86)	0.89	1.03 (0.56–1.88)	0.93	0.34 (0.16–0.74)	<0.01
C-reactive protein^1	1.74 (0.94–3.22)	0.08	1.37 (0.81–2.29)	0.24	0.51 (0.17–1.50)	0.22
Total cholesterol^1	1.58 (0.66–3.83)	0.31	0.64 (0.28–1.44)	0.28	1.51 (0.54–4.21)	0.43
HDL cholesterol^2	1.37 (0.53–3.54)	0.52	1.14 (0.53–2.47)	0.74	1.28 (0.32–5.08)	0.72
Non-HDL cholesterol^1	1.88 (0.75–4.68)	0.18	0.55 (0.25–1.25)	0.16	0.81 (0.26–2.53)	0.72
LDL cholesterol^1	1.58 (0.40–6.23)	0.51	0.87 (0.19–3.96)	0.85	0.39 (0.02–6.71)	0.52
Triglycerides^1	0.98 (0.20–4.71)	0.98	0.99 (0.40–2.43)	0.99	1.37 (0.22–8.49)	0.74

¹Highest quintile
²Lowest quintile