Long-Term Effects of Placental Growth on Overweight and Body Composition
Table 3
Odds ratios (95% confidence interval) for overweight and regression coefficients for percent body fat and lean body mass in relation to birthweight and placental size, according to mother’s height. People whose mothers were >160 cm are included in the table.
Overweight*
Body fat (%)+
Lean body mass (kg)+
Birth weight (z)
1.18 (1.02 to 1.35)
0.02 (−0.39 to 0.43)
1.54 (1.15 to 1.93)
P for trend
0.02
0.9
<0.001
Ponderal index (z)
1.15 (1.00 to 1.32)
0.28 (−0.14 to 0.69)
0.41 (0.01 to 0.82)
P for trend
0.05
0.2
0.04
Placental weight (z)
1.06 (0.93 to 1.22)
0.15 (−0.26 to 0.56)
0.90 (0.51 to 1.29)
P for trend
0.4
0.5
<0.001
Max placental diam (z)
1.02 (0.89 to 1.16)
−0.02 (−0.43 to 0.38)
0.45 (0.06 to 0.84)
P for trend
0.8
0.9
0.02
Lesser placental diam (z)
0.99 (0.86 to 1.13)
−0.21 (−0.61 to 0.20)
0.48 (0.09 to 0.88)
P for trend
0.9
0.3
0.02
Placental area (z)
0.98 (0.86 to 1.13)
−0.14 (−0.55 to 0.27)
0.47 (0.08 to 0.87)
P for trend
0.8
0.5
0.02
Tall mothers (HEIGHT > 160 cm)
Birth weight (z)
1.11 (0.94 to 1.31)
0.21 (−0.29 to 0.71)
1.46 (0.95 to 1.97)
P for trend
0.2
0.4
<0.001
Ponderal index (z)
1.12 (0.96 to 1.32)
0.44 (−0.01 to 0.90)
0.47 (0.00 to 0.95)
P for trend
0.2
0.06
0.05
Placental weight (z)
1.06 (0.90 to 1.24)
0.01 (−0.47 to 0.49)
0.83 (0.33 to 1.32)
P for trend
0.5
1.0
0.001
Max placental diam (z)
1.06 (0.89 to 1.25)
0.12 (−0.39 to 0.62)
0.75 (0.23 to 1.28)
P for trend
0.5
0.6
0.005
Lesser placental diam (z)
1.18 (1.00 to 1.38)
0.58 (0.10 to 1.07)
0.65 (0.14 to 1.15)
P for trend
0.05
0.02
0.01
Placental area (z)
1.12 (0.95 to 1.32)
0.40 (−0.10 to 0.89)
0.71 (0.21 to 1.23)
P for trend
0.2
0.1
0.006
*Odds ratios from multiple logistic regressions, including age and gender, with overweight as outcome. +Coefficients from multiple linear regressions, including age and gender, with body fat percent or lean body mass as outcome.
