Long-Term Effects of Placental Growth on Overweight and Body Composition
Table 4
Odds ratios (95% confidence interval) for overweight and regression coefficients for percent body fat and lean body mass in relation to birthweight and placental size, in the offspring of tall mothers (height >160 cm) who were carriers of the Pro12Pro genotype.
Overweight*
Body fat (%)+
Lean body mass (kg)+
Birth weight (z)
1.20 (0.98 to 1.47)
0.41 (−0.19 to 1.01)
1.48 (0.87 to 2.09)
P for trend
0.08
0.2
<0.001
Ponderal index (z)
1.18 (0.97 to 1.43)
0.32 (−0.28 to 0.91)
0.61 (0.00 to 1.21)
P for trend
0.1
0.3
0.05
Placental weight (z)
1.18 (0.97 to 1.44)
0.28 (−0.31 to 0.87)
0.99 (0.39 to 1.60)
P for trend
0.1
0.4
0.001
Max placental diam (z)
1.28 (1.03 to 1.59)
0.51 (−0.14 to 1.16)
0.97 (0.30 to 1.64)
P for trend
0.02
0.1
0.005
Lesser placental diam (z)
1.34 (1.10 to 1.64)
0.85 (0.24 to 1.46)
1.03 (0.40 to 1.66)
P for trend
0.004
0.006
0.001
Placental area (z)
1.37 (1.10 to 1.71)
0.77 (0.12 to 1.42)
1.09 (0.42 to 1.75)
P for trend
0.005
0.02
0.001
Pro12Ala & Ala12Ala
Birth weight (z)
0.93 (0.68 to 1.28)
−0.22 (−1.11 to 0.66)
1.41 (0.48 to 2.35)
P for trend
0.7
0.6
0.003
Ponderal index (z)
1.06 (0.81 to 1.40)
0.89 (0.18 to 1.61)
0.31 (−0.48 to 1.09)
P for trend
0.7
0.01
0.4
Placental weight (z)
0.85 (0.64 to 1.12)
−0.56 (−1.37 to 0.24)
0.50 (−0.37 to 1.37)
P for trend
0.3
0.2
0.3
Max placental diam (z)
0.75 (0.56 to 0.99)
−0.58 (−1.37 to 0.20)
0.41 (−0.44 to 1.26)
p for trend
0.04
0.1
0.3
Lesser placental diam (z)
0.88 (0.66 to 1.16)
−0.05 (−0.84 to 0.73)
−0.15 (−1.00 to 0.69)
P for trend
0.4
0.9
0.7
Placental area (z)
0.80 (0.61 to 1.04)
−0.27 (−1.02 to 0.49)
0.12 (−0.69 to 0.93)
P for trend
0.1
0.5
0.8
*Odds ratios from multiple logistic regressions, including age and gender, with overweight as outcome. +Coefficients from multiple linear regressions, including age and gender, with body fat percent or lean body mass as outcome.
