Highlights for the Management of a Child with Proteinuria and Hematuria

Table 2

Causes of discolored urine.

Red-colored urine	Hematuria (RBCs)
	Myoglobinuria; (myoglobin and rhabdomyolysis)
	Hemoglobinuria; (free hemoglobin)
	Porphyria (porphyrin)
	Urate crystals
	Foods; (food coloring, beets, and blackberries)
	Drugs (phenolphthalein, chloroquine, phenazopyridine, iron sorbitol, desferrioxamine)
Dark yellow- or orange-colored urine	Concentrated urine
	Drugs (rifampin and pyridium)
Dark brown- or black-colored urine	Bile pigments
	Methemoglobinemia (methemoglobin)
	Melanin
	Alkaptonuria (homogentisic acid)

Adapted from [9, 25, 27, 28].