International Journal of Pediatrics

Research Article

Postnatal Acute Famine and Risk of Overweight: The Dutch Hungerwinter Study

Table 1

Baseline characteristics of the study population according to age at famine (0–9 years, 10–17 years, or ≥18 years) and level of famine exposure (none, moderate, or severe).


	Age at famine
	0–9 years			10–17 years			≥18 years
	Level of famine exposure			Level of famine exposure			Level of famine exposure
	None	Moderate	Severe	None	Moderate	Severe	None	Moderate	Severe

Number (%)	2148 (49)	1612 (36)	665 (15)	1345 (42)	1247 (39)	587 (19)	182 (37)	219 (45)	86 (18)
General characteristics
Age at start of the famine (years)^a	4.2 (0–10)	4.6 (0–10)	5.5 (0–10)	13.8 (10–18)	14.1 (10–18)	13.6 (10–18)	18.8 (18–21)	19.1 (18–21)	19.2 (18–21)
Age at recruitment (years)^a	54.9 (49–63)	55.2 (49–63)	56.2 (49–63)	64.6 (59–70)	64.8 (59–70)	64.0 (59–70)	68.9 (67–70)	69.0 (67–70)	69.1 (67–70)
Body size
Height (cm)^b	165.4 (5.9)	165.1 (5.8)	164.9 (6.1)	163.4 (5.7)	163.0 (5.9)	163.1 (6.0)	161.9 (6.2)	162.7 (5.9)	161.3 (6.4)
Dietary intake
Total energy intake (kcal)^b	1829 (436)	1817 (428)	1811 (450)	1740 (423)	1750 (405)	1677 (417)	1703 (435)	1663 (400)	1659 (524)
Total protein intake (g)^b	73.7 (18.4)	72.6 (17.5)	72.9 (18.4)	70.4 (17.0)	70.0 (17.2)	67.5 (16.8)	69.0 (17.1)	68.9 (18.1)	67.6 (22.2)
Total fat intake (g)^b	72.9 (22.9)	72.3 (22.6)	72.4 (24.1)	68.3 (22.0)	69.6 (21.8)	65.8 (21.9)	67.3 (23.9)	65.1 (20.5)	64.4 (25.1)
Total carbohydrate intake (g)^b	201.6 (53.5)	201.3 (52.0)	200.5 (53.4)	199.0 (52.7)	198.4 (51.1)	191.8 (52.2)	194.2 (50.3)	190.1 (48.7)	193.5 (65.8)
Lifestyle
Education in 3 categories^c
Low	934 (43)	639 (40)	311 (47)	788 (59)	645 (52)	306 (52)	123 (68)	114 (52)	52 (60)
Intermediate	832 (39)	659 (41)	256 (38)	450 (33)	456 (37)	228 (39)	50 (27)	79 (36)	23 (27)
High	377 (18)	313 (19)	98 (15)	104 (8)	145 (12)	53 (9)	9 (5)	26 (12)	11 (13)
Smoking (pack years)^b	6.0 (9.2)	6.6 (9.4)	8.1 (10.5)	5.4 (9.4)	6.7 (10.9)	8.0 (11.7)	3.1 (6.1)	6.2 (9.6)	6.2 (10.3)
Alcohol intake (g/day)^b	10.1 (1.3)	10.1 (1.3)	9.3 (1.3)	6.7 (1.0)	7.1 (1.0)	6.7 (1.2)	6.3 (1.0)	5.9 (9.3)	5.0 (7.0)

^aMedian (min-max), ^bMean (SD), ^cNumber (%).