Research Article
Evaluation of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Risk Factors
Table 1
Maternal, pregnancy, and neonatal risk factors for ADHD among case and control subjects.
| Proposed risk factor | Group | Number (%) | OR (95% CI) | value |
| Trauma to abdomen in pregnancy | ADHD | 7 (3.4%) | 4 (0.000–1000) | 0.039 | Control | 1 (0.5%) | X-ray exposure | ADHD | 2 (1%) | | NS* | Control | 1 (0.05%) | | Vaginal bleeding | ADHD | 8 (3.9%) | | NS | Control | 11 (5.6%) | | Infectious disease during pregnancy | ADHD | 7 (3.4%) | | NS | Control | 5 (2.5%) | | Cigarette and alcohol consumption | ADHD | 25 (12.1%) | | <0.0001 | Control | 4 (2%) | | Preeclampsia | ADHD | 20 (9.7%) | | 0.009 | Control | 6 (3%) | | Dysentery | ADHD | 8 (3.9%) | | NS | Control | 11 (5.6%) | | Cesarean section | ADHD | 107 (51.7%) | | 0.019 | Control | 81 (40.9%) | | Unwanted pregnancy | ADHD | 29 (14%) | 4.2 (0.000–1000) | <0.0001 | Control | 5 (2.5%) | Previous abortion | ADHD | 36 (17.4%) | 24 (0.594–977.082) | <0.0001 | Control | 11 (5.6%) | Somatic disease at pregnancy | ADHD | 14 (6.8%) | | 0.007 | Control | 3 (1.5%) | | Psychiatric disease at pregnancy | ADHD | 17 (8.2%) | | 0.004 | Control | 4 (2%) | | Formula feeding | ADHD | 75 (36.6%) | | <0.0001 | Control | 39 (24.9%) | |
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NS: not significant.
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