| | Characteristics | Deficient, | Non-deficient, | value |
| | Mean age (±SD) (years) | 5.1 (4.4) | 5.36 (4.32) | 0.73 | | Boys, (%) | 14 (60.87) | 53 (76.81) | 0.13 | | Girls, (%) | 9 (39.13) | 16 (23.19) | | Weight (in kgs), mean (±SD) | 15.3 (10.91) | 15.59 (9.64) | 0.93 | | Height (in cms), mean (±SD) | 97.43 (30.83) | 100.2 (30.67) | 0.70 | | Failure to thrive, (%) | 6 (26.09) | 6 (8.69) | 0.03 | | Short stature, (%) | 5 (21.74) | 4 (5.80) | 0.02 | | Risk factors for vitamin D deficiency | | | | | Family size, mean (range, ±SD) | 4.30 (1.03) | 4.42 (1.15) | 0.92 | | Birth order, mean (range, ±SD) | 1.87 (0.96) | 2.07 (1.02) | 0.41 | | Exclusive breast feeding, (%) | 17 (73.91) | 34 (49.27) | 0.03 | | Adequate sun exposure, (%) | 7 (30.43) | 40 (57.97) | 0.02 | | Dark skin color, (%) | 4 (17.39) | 3 (4.34) | 0.25 | | Biochemical parameters | | | | | Vitamin D levels (nmol/L), mean (±SD) | 48.45 (22) | 89.92 (24.1) | 0.000 | | Calcium (mg/dL), mean (±SD) | 8.39 (0.95) | 8.93 (0.79) | 0.009 | | Phosphorus (mg/dL), mean (±SD) | 4.46 (1.0) | 4.74 (0.92) | 0.66 | | Alkaline phosphatase (units/L), mean (±SD) | 309 (221) | 149 (141) | 0.008 | | Outcomes | | | | | Hospital stay (in days), mean (±SD) | 14.70 (3.21) | 13.12 (3.59) | 0.74 | | Required ventilation, (%) | 8 (34.78) | 13 (18.84) | 0.11 | | Required inotropes, (%) | 5 (21.74) | 10 (14.49) | 0.41 | | Nosocomial sepsis, (%) | 4 (17.39) | 5 (7.24) | 0.15 | | Died, (%) | 3 (13.04) | 3 (4.35) | 0.14 |
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