Author, year, and location Study design Timeline Study population Intervention strategy Sample size RSV hospitalization rate Conclusion Quality of study Studies on effectiveness of palivizumab in children with hemodynamically significant congenital heart disease (HS-CHD) (13) Chang and Chen, 2010, USA [32 ] Hospital record review 2000–2006 Children aged <2 years with HS-CHD Prepalivizumab era (2000–2003) versus postpalivizumab era (2004–2006) 266 children with HS-CHD 19% reduction, Requires further investigation of cost-effectiveness of palivizumab in children with HS-CHD Low Studies on effectiveness of palivizumab in children with cystic fibrosis (CF) (14) Winterstein et. al., 2013, USA [40 ] Cohort study 1999–2006 Children < 2 years with CF No palivizumab versus palivizumab Nonprophylaxed group: 575 Nonprophylaxed group = 4.1 (2.8–6.0)/1000 season months Potential benefit inconclusive Low (15) Speer et al., 2008, USA [39 ] Palivizumab registry review 2000–2004 Infants and young children with CF No palivizumab in historical cohort versus palivizumab in study population 91 Significant reduction in hospitalization50 ]:51 ]: Further investigation for usefulness of RSV in children with CF Very low Studies on effectiveness of palivizumab in children with Down syndrome (DS) (16) Paes et al., 2013, Canada [41 ] Record review of the palivizumab registry 2006–2012 High risk infants receiving at least one dose of palivizumab Effect of palivizumab in children with DS compared to all other children 13,310 children of which 600 were with DS Hospitalization rate among prophylaxed DS children was 1.53% and similar to children with other standard indications (1.45%) DS children aged <2 years should be considered candidates for palivizumab Low
