Characteristics of US Health Care Providers Who Counsel Adolescents on Sports and Energy Drink Consumption

Table 2

Unadjusted odds ratio (OR), adjusted odds ratio (aOR)^a, and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) of providing regular^b sports drink (SD) counseling, regular^b energy drink (ED) counseling, and regular comprehensive sports and energy drink (SED) counseling^c by health care provider characteristics—United States, DocStyles, 2011.

Provider characteristics

Sports drink

Energy drink

Comprehensive SED

OR

95% CI

aOR^d

95% CI

OR

95% CI

aOR^e

95% CI

OR

95% CI

aOR^d

95% CI

Sex

Male

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Female

1.62

1.26–2.08

𝟏.𝟒𝟏^∗

1.07–1.88

1.62

1.26–2.08

𝟏.𝟒𝟎^∗

1.06–1.84

1.75

1.35–2.28

𝟏.𝟒𝟒^∗

1.07–1.93

Fruit/vegetable intake per week

<4 days

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

≥4 days

1.76

1.36–2.27

𝟏.𝟔𝟑^∗

1.24–2.13

1.72

1.34–2.21

𝟏.𝟔𝟖^∗

1.30–2.16

2.15

1.64–2.82

𝟐.𝟎𝟓^∗

1.54–2.73

Type of provider

Pediatrician

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Family/general Practitioner

0.44

0.32–0.61

𝟎.𝟒𝟔^∗

0.33–0.64

0.84

0.62–1.15

NS

0.55

0.40–0.75

𝟎.𝟓𝟖^∗

0.41–0.82

Internist

0.35

0.20–0.61

𝟎.𝟑𝟑^∗

0.18–0.59

0.58

0.34–0.98

𝟎.𝟓𝟔^∗

0.33–0.96

0.41

0.23–0.74

𝟎.𝟑𝟕^∗

0.20–0.70

Nurse practitioner

0.66

0.44–0.98

𝟎.𝟓𝟓^∗

0.36–0.83

1.41

0.94–2.11

NS

0.99

0.66–1.47

NS

Work setting

Individual

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Group

0.71

0.51–0.98

𝟎.𝟔𝟔^∗

0.47–0.93

0.68

0.49–0.95

𝟎.𝟔𝟖^∗

0.48–0.95

0.62

0.45–0.87

𝟎.𝟓𝟗^∗

0.42–0.84

Hospital/clinic

0.75

0.49–1.16

NS

0.79

0.51–1.22

NS

0.79

0.51–1.22

NS

Age

NS

NS

NS

NS

NS

NS

Race/ethnicity

NS

NS

NS

NS

NS

NS

Body mass index

NS

NS

NS

NS

NS

NS

Exercise per week

NS

NS

NS

NS

NS

NS

Teaching privileges

NS

NS

NS

NS

NS

NS

Years of practice

NS

NS

NS

NS

NS

NS

Patients per week

NS

NS

NS

NS

NS

NS

SES^‡ of patients

NS

NS

NS

NS

NS

NS

‡“SES of patients” refers to health care providers’ perceptions of the socioeconomic status of their patient population; the categories refer to possible responses on the survey without additional clarification.
^aModel adjusted for characteristics that met the inclusion criteria of 𝑃 value <0.2 in bivariate analysis.
^bRegular is defined by responses of always or often on Question 2 and Question 3.
^cRegular comprehensive SED counseling defined as providing counseling at a frequency of always or often for both sports and energy drinks.
^daOR for sports drink and comprehensive SED counseling adjusted for sex, fruit/vegetable intake, exercise, provider type, and work setting.
^eaOR for energy drink counseling adjusted for sex, fruit/vegetable intake, provider type, and work setting.
Ref is reference level for each variable.
Referent categories: male, age ≤ 45, non-Hispanic white, normal/underweight BMI, fruit/vegetable intake <4 days per week, exercise <5 days per week, pediatrician, individual practice, ≤10 years of practice, ≤5 physicians in practice, ≤100 patients per week, and very poor-poor SES of patients.
*Bolded aOR values indicate that 95% confidence intervals do not include 1.
NS indicates nonsignificance of provider characteristic with regard to association with SD, ED, or SED counseling.