Depression and Its Determinants among Postpartum Mothers Attending at Universal College of Medical Sciences and Teaching Hospital, Bhairahawa, Rupandehi, Nepal

Table 4

Sociodemographic and socioeconomic factors associated with postpartum depression on using bivariate and multivariate analysis.

Characteristics	Postpartum depression		value	^aCOR 95% CI	^bAOR 95% CI
	Yes () (%)	No () (%)
Sex of newborn
Male	29 (33.3)	58 (66.7)	<0.001	1	1
Female	6 (7.0)	80 (93.0)		6.67 (2.60-17.09)	6.39 (1.54-26.46)
Birth space of index child ()
≤2 years	8 (14.0)	49 (86.0)	0.006	1	1
>2 years	12 (40.0)	18 (60.0)		0.25 (0.09-0.70)	0.48 (0.14-1.70)
Mother’s education
Illiterate and informal education	15 (41.7)	21 (58.3)	0.001	1	1
Formal education	20 (14.6)	117 (85.4)		0.24 (0.11-0.54)	0.28 (0.08-0.91)
Spouse’s education
Informal and primary	9 (56.3)	7 (43.7)	<0.001	1	1
Secondary and above	26 (16.6)	131 (83.4)		0.15 (0.05-0.45)	0.16 (0.03-0.85)

Significant at ; 1 = reference category; ^acrude odds ratio; ^badjusted odds ratio.