Review Article

Ghrelin and Functional Dyspepsia

Table 4

Postulated mechanisms leading to the development of dyspeptic symptoms in patients with functional dyspepsia. This table is adopted by permission from Elsevier Limited [1].

Visceral hypersensitivity
 (a) Increased perception of distention
 (b) Impaired or altered perception of acid
 (c) Visceral hypersensitivity secondary to chronic inflammation
Motility disorders
 (a) Postprandial antral hypomotility
 (b) Reduced relaxation of the gastric fundus
 (c) Decreased or impaired gastric emptying
  (d) Changes of the gastric electric rhythm
  (e) Gastro-esophageal reflux
  (f) Duodeno-gastric reflux
Changes in acid secretion
  Hyperacidity
Helicobacter pylori infection
Stress
Psychological disorders and abnormalities
Genetic predisposition