Antimicrobial Peptides: Versatile Biological Properties

Table 3

List of antimicrobial peptides with unusual amino acids.

Peptide	Source	Activity	Organisms	Unusual amino acids	References
Discodermin A	Discodermia kiiensis (sponge)	Antifungal	C. albicans	Tert-leucine (t-Leu), cystenoic acid, and sarcosine	[45]
Jaspamide	Jaspis sp. (sponge)	Antifungal	C. albicans	N-Methyl-2-bromo-D-tryptophan (Me-BrTrp) and L-β-tyrosine (L-βTyr)	[46]
Theonellamide F	Theonella sp (sponge)	Antifungal	C. albicans	histidinoalanine, 3-Methyl-p-bromophenylalanine, (2S,4R)-2-amino-4-hydroxyadipic acid (L-Ahad), and (3S,4S,5E,7E)-3-amino-4-hydroxy-6-methyl-8-(p-bromophenyl)-5,7-octadienoic acid	[45]
Cyclolithistide A	T. swinhoei  (sponge)	Antifungal	C. albicans	4-Chloroisoleucine (C1-Ile), 2-amino-pentanoic acid (D-Ape) and 4-amino-3,5-dihydroxyhexanoic acid (Adha)	[47]
Microsclerodermin A	Theonella sp. (sponge)	Antifungal	C. albicans	(2S,3R,4S,5S,6S,11E)-3-amino-6-methyl-12-(p-Methoxyphenyl)-2,4,5-trihydroxydodec-11-enoic acid (AMMTD), (3R)-4-amino-3-hydroxylbutyric acid (GABOB), and 3-hydroxy-4-amino-5-vinylpyrrolidone.	[48]
Callipeltin A	Callipelta sp. (sponge)	Antifungal; Antiviral	C. albicans, HIV	(2R,3R,4S)-4-Amino-7-guanidino-2,3-dihydroxyheptanoic acid (AGDHE)	[49]
Dolastatin 10	Dolabella auricularia (sea hare),; Gymnangium regae (Marine hydroid)	Antifungal	Cryptococcus neoformans	O-demethyldolaproline (Ddap), N-desmethyldolaisoleucine (Ddil), L-threo-phenylserine (L-Pser), and L-guanidino serine (Gser).	[50]
Nukacin ISK-1	Staphylococcus warneri ISK-1	Antibacterial	Gram-positive bacteria	Lanthionine, 3-methyllanthionine, and dehydrobutyrine	[51]
Mersacidin	Bacillus subtilis	Antibacterial	Gram-positive bacteria	Lanthionine or 3-methyllanthionine	[52]
Microbisporicin	Microbispora sp	Antibacterial	Gram-positive bacteria	5-Chloro-trypthopan and mono- (in A2) or bis-hydroxylated (in A1) proline	[53]
lacticin 3147	Lactococcus lactis	Antibacterial	Gram-positive bacteria	Lanthionine or β-methyllanthionine	[54]
Planosporicin	Planomonospora sp	Antibacterial	Gram-positive bacteria	Lanthionine and methyllanthionine	[53]
Nisin	Lactococcus lactis	Antibacterial	Gram-positive bacteria	Lanthionine methyllanthionine didehydroalanine didehydroaminobutyric acid	[55]