Research Article
The Influence of Race on Employment Status and Earnings of African Immigrant Men in the United States
Table 2
Percentage distribution of Black and White African immigrant men aged 16 to 64 by selected sociodemographic characteristics.
| | 1980 | 1990 | 2000 | 2008 | Characteristics | Black | White | Black | White | Black | White | Black | White |
| Age group | | | | | | | | | 16 to 24 years | 22.4 | 24.8 | 11.6 | 14.0 | 15.2 | 10.6 | 16.4 | 9.2 | 25 to 34 years | 55.7 | 30.2 | 45.3 | 34.5 | 27.4 | 23.8 | 25.1 | 19.9 | 35 to 44 years | 17.3 | 23.4 | 33.2 | 27.7 | 35.3 | 32.4 | 26.4 | 29.6 | 45 to 64 years | 4.6 | 21.6 | 9.9 | 23.8 | 22.2 | 33.2 | 32.1 | 41.3 | Education | | | | | | | | | Less than 9 years | 1.5 | 4.4 | 2.7 | 2.2 | 3.6 | 1.7 | 4.2 | 1.4 | 9 to 12 years | 16.4 | 29.4 | 17.3 | 19.7 | 31.5 | 23.3 | 29.4 | 22.0 | 13 years or more | 82.1 | 66.3 | 80.0 | 78.2 | 64.9 | 75.0 | 66.4 | 76.6 | Enrollment | | | | | | | | | Not in school | 38.2 | 73.2 | 61.1 | 80.6 | 72.5 | 84.9 | 73.2 | 87.7 | In school | 61.8 | 26.8 | 38.9 | 19.4 | 27.5 | 15.1 | 26.8 | 12.3 | Marital status | | | | | | | | | Not married | 51.8 | 39.3 | 49.1 | 37.7 | 46.6 | 34.5 | 48.4 | 32.3 | Married | 48.2 | 60.7 | 50.9 | 62.3 | 53.4 | 65.5 | 51.6 | 67.7 | Duration of immigration | | | | | | | | | Less than 5 years | 57.5 | 37.3 | 31.2 | 24.0 | 30.3 | 20.9 | 21.7 | 14.5 | 5 to 9 years | 35.4 | 32.9 | 51.5 | 36.8 | 26.2 | 16.4 | 33.3 | 21.3 | 10 years or more | 7.1 | 29.9 | 17.3 | 39.2 | 43.5 | 62.7 | 45.0 | 64.2 | English proficiency | | | | | | | | | Speaks only English | 21.8 | 38.0 | 22.0 | 39.4 | 19.8 | 37.8 | 20.8 | 36.5 | Speaks very well | 56.9 | 39.9 | 58.3 | 43.1 | 58.1 | 44.8 | 54.8 | 40.2 | Speaks well | 19.4 | 19.1 | 16.2 | 14.7 | 17.5 | 14.0 | 19.0 | 17.8 | Not well | 1.9 | 3.1 | 3.5 | 2.8 | 4.6 | 3.4 | 5.5 | 5.5 | Region | | | | | | | | | Northeast | 34.7 | 31.7 | 27.3 | 34.4 | 28.7 | 29.6 | 24.0 | 30.5 | Midwest | 19.4 | 14.0 | 14.0 | 10.9 | 17.1 | 12.6 | 18.7 | 13.3 | South | 33.3 | 25.5 | 41.9 | 24.7 | 39.9 | 30.9 | 41.1 | 33.0 | West | 12.7 | 28.8 | 16.8 | 29.9 | 14.3 | 26.9 | 16.2 | 23.2 | Labor force participation | | | | | | | | | Not in labor force | 39.2 | 19.3 | 15.8 | 12.4 | 20.5 | 16.9 | 14.6 | 12.4 | In labor force | 60.8 | 80.7 | 84.2 | 87.6 | 79.5 | 83.1 | 85.4 | 87.6 | Average annual personal income | 7,423 | 16,278 | 17,785 | 35,657 | 28,202 | 57,474 | 33,290 | 72,789 | Total number of cases | 39,620 | 53,940 | 10,6371 | 85,045 | 25,4334 | 10,9243 | 49,1038 | 15,6431 |
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Source: analysis based on 5 percent IPUMS data sets.
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