Identifying Rates of Emigration in the United States Using Administrative Earnings Records

Table 3

Emigration estimates of the foreign-born population by characteristic, 1978–1998.

	Emigration rate (Percent)
	From the United States	From the Social Security system
All Foreign born	1.30	0.98
Sex
Men	1.23	0.92
Women	1.37	0.96
Age group
16–24	0.69	0.65
25–34	1.24	1.09
35–44	1.47	1.06
45–62	2.28	1.10
Time spent working in the united states
0–4 years	2.70	2.31
5–9 years	1.75	1.30
10–15 years	1.24	0.73
16–20 years	0.95	0.47
21+ years	0.21	0.10
Country or region of origin*
Mexico	1.33	0.83
Philippines	0.75	0.46
Vietnam	0.60	0.55
Germany	1.46	0.69
India	0.62	0.58
El Salvador	0.74	0.58
Canada	1.67	0.94
England	1.74	1.58
Cuba	1.33	1.10
South Korea	1.39	1.32
All others	1.38	1.04

Source. Author's calculations from merged Detailed Earnings Records, Numident, and Master Beneficiary Record data from the Social Security Administration.
Note. Data are annual averages over 1978–1998.
* Ranked by share of population in the USA; see Table 1.