Employment Assimilation of Immigrants in The Netherlands: Dip and Catchup by Source Country
Table 3
Unemployment probabilities, probit: Coefficient, (marginal effect), and (standard error).
Men
Women
Mod I
Mod II
Mod III
Mod IV
Mod I
Mod II
Mod III
Mod IV
Age
0.008
0.008
0.010
0.048***
0.074***
0.073***
0.074***
0.086***
[0.001]
[0.001]
[0.001]
[0.005]
[0.008]
[0.008]
[0.008]
[0.008]
(0.001)
(0.001)
(0.001)
(0.001)
(0.001)
(0.001)
(0.001)
(0.001)
Age-sq
0.000
0.000
0.000
−0.001***
−0.001***
−0.001***
−0.001***
−0.001***
[0.000]
[0.000]
[0.000]
[0.000]
[0.000]
[0.000]
[0.000]
[0.000]
(0.000)
(0.000)
(0.000)
(0.000)
(0.000)
(0.000)
(0.000)
(0.000)
YSM
−0.026**
−0.027**
−0.033**
−0.032**
−0.013
−0.014
−0.030**
−0.035**
[−0.003]
[−0.003]
[−0.003]
[−0.003]
[−0.001]
[−0.002]
[−0.003]
[−0.003]
(0.001)
(0.001)
(0.001)
(0.001)
(0.001)
(0.001)
(0.001)
(0.001)
YSM-sq
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
[0.000]
[0.000]
[0.000]
[0.000]
[0.000]
[0.000]
[0.000]
[0.000]
(0.000)
(0.000)
(0.000)
(0.000)
(0.000)
(0.000)
(0.000)
(0.000)
TurkMoroc
1.116***
1.068***
1.175***
1.327***
0.500***
0.445***
0.634***
0.762***
[0.240]
[0.223]
[0.259]
[0.301]
[0.077]
[0.065]
[0.105]
[0.132]
(0.034)
(0.033)
(0.040)
(0.043)
(0.022)
(0.021)
(0.030)
(0.033)
Caribbean
1.043***
1.031***
1.097***
1.150***
0.668***
0.651***
0.677***
0.609***
[0.218]
[0.213]
[0.235]
[0.242]
[0.115]
[0.110]
[0.116]
[0.095]
(0.035)
(0.035)
(0.044)
(0.045)
(0.026)
(0.025)
(0.030)
(0.028)
East-Europ
0.913***
0.926***
0.642***
0.658***
0.685***
0.679***
0.703***
0.749***
[0.179]
[0.182]
[0.105]
[0.104]
[0.120]
[0.117]
[0.123]
[0.130]
(0.035)
(0.036)
(0.038)
(0.037)
(0.025)
(0.025)
(0.031)
(0.032)
RefugeeCount
1.347***
1.348***
1.340***
1.374***
0.619***
0.599***
0.024
0.140
[0.328]
[0.328]
[0.324]
[0.326]
[0.104]
[0.099]
[0.003]
[0.015]
(0.040)
(0.040)
(0.075)
(0.077)
(0.033)
(0.032)
(0.032)
(0.037)
Non-western
1.067***
1.063***
0.961***
0.949***
0.569***
0.547***
0.453***
0.496***
[0.226]
[0.224]
[0.191]
[0.179]
[0.092]
[0.086]
[0.067]
[0.072]
(0.033)
(0.033)
(0.039)
(0.038)
(0.021)
(0.021)
(0.023)
(0.024)
Western
0.547***
0.561***
0.551***
0.536***
0.286**
0.278**
0.313**
0.333**
[0.080]
[0.083]
[0.081]
[0.073]
[0.037]
[0.035]
[0.041]
[0.041]
(0.019)
(0.019)
(0.023)
(0.021)
(0.014)
(0.014)
(0.017)
(0.016)
Second Gen
−0.367***
−0.366***
−0.361**
−0.377***
−0.209*
−0.192*
−0.233*
−0.278**
[−0.029]
[−0.028]
[−0.028]
[−0.027]
[−0.019]
[−0.017]
[−0.021]
[−0.022]
(0.006)
(0.006)
(0.006)
(0.006)
(0.007)
(0.008)
(0.008)
(0.007)
Caribb*YSM
0.002
0.006
0.013
0.012
[0.000]
[0.001]
[0.001]
[0.001]
(0.001)
(0.001)
(0.001)
(0.001)
EastEur*YSM
0.033**
0.035**
0.012
0.012
[0.003]
[0.003]
[0.001]
[0.001]
(0.001)
(0.001)
(0.001)
(0.001)
Refug*YSM
0.008
0.007
0.086**
0.083*
[0.001]
[0.001]
[0.009]
[0.008]
(0.002)
(0.002)
(0.003)
(0.003)
Non-west*YSM
0.015
0.022*
0.023*
0.021*
[0.002]
[0.002]
[0.002]
[0.002]
(0.001)
(0.001)
(0.001)
(0.001)
West*YSM
0.008
0.012
0.013
0.014
[0.001]
[0.001]
[0.001]
[0.001]
(0.001)
(0.001)
(0.001)
(0.001)
Log likelihood
−7445
−7423
−7417
−7208
−8090
−8051
−8045
−7850
Pseudo R-sq
0.04
0.05
0.05
0.07
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.06
N
37165
37165
37165
37165
38411
38411
38411
38411
; **; ***. Models II and III also include dummies for 7 categories of educational achievement. Model IV additionally includes 3 dummy variables for the presence of children below 11 years and controls for marital status, the degree of urbanisation, and for naturalisation of immigrants.
