Research Article
Socioeconomic Position, Rural Residence, and Marginality Influences on Obesity Status in the Adult Mexican Population
Table 2
Results of multilevel models of individual obesity outcome.
| | Model 1—random intercept model | Model 2—multilevel model | Model 3—multilevel model with cross-level interactions |
| | Variables | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) |
| | Municipio level characteristics | | | |
| | Index of marginalization (IM) | — | 0.82 (0.78–0.87)*** | 0.87 (0.81–0.94)*** |
| | Cross-level interaction terms | | | | | IM*no education | — | — | 0.92 (0.84–1.02) | | IM*secondary/technical education | — | — | 1.12 (1.02–1.22)* | | IM*college education or more | — | — | 1.16 (0.97–1.37) | | IM*male gender | — | — | 1.02 (0.96–1.09) | | IM*rural residence | — | — | 0.85 (0.78–0.93)*** |
| | Individual level characteristics | | | |
| | Socioeconomic position | | | | | Employed | 0.96 (0.92–1.03) | 0.95 (0.90–1.02) | 0.95 (0.90–1.01) | | Educational level | | | | | No education | 1.00 (0.93–1.14) | 1.02 (0.91–1.16) | 0.95 (0.81–1.11) | | Primary education (Ref) | 1 | 1 | 1 | | Secondary/technical education | 0.93 (0.93–1.00) | 0.92 (0.85–1.00) | 1.07 (0.93–1.24) | | College education or more | 0.54 (0.44–0.59)*** | 0.53 (0.46–0.62)*** | 0.66 (0.49–0.88)* |
| | Sociodemographic characteristics | | | | | Gender | | | | | Male | 0.56 (0.51–0.61)*** | 0.56 (0.52–0.61)*** | 0.58 (0.52–0.64)*** | | Female (Ref) | 1 | 1 | 1 | | Age | | | | | 20–34 (Ref) | 1 | 1 | 1 | | 35–49 | 1.86 (1.75–1.94)*** | 1.86 (1.75–1.98)*** | 1.86 (1.75–1.98)*** | | 50–64 | 2.00 (1.89–2.11)*** | 1.99 (1.85–2.15)*** | 2 (1.85–2.15)*** | | 65 or older | 0.99 (0.89–1.08) | 0.98 (0.88–1.09) | 0.98 (0.88–1.08) | | Household size | 0.99 (0.98–1.00) | 0.99 (0.98–1) | 0.99 (0.98–1.00) | | Residential status | | | | | Rural | 0.80 (0.76–0.87)*** | 0.91 (0.83–1.00)* | 0.82 (0.73–0.92)*** | | Urban (Ref) | 1 | 1 | 1 | | Indigenous identity | 0.93 (0.89–1.00)* | 0.97 (0.91–1.04) | 0.98 (0.91–1.04) | | Marital status | | | | | Single (never married) | 0.71 (.065–0.75)*** | 0.71 (0.65–0.76)*** | 0.7 (0.65–0.76)*** | | Married or cohabiting (Ref) | 1 | 1 | 1 | | Divorced | 0.89 (0.81–1.00) | 0.89 (0.79–1.00)* | 0.89 (0.79–0.99)* | | Widowed | 0.88 (0.81–0.97)* | 0.88 (0.79–0.99)* | 0.88 (0.79–0.99)* |
| | Behavioral characteristics | | | | | Walked >3 days last week | 0.76 (0.73–0.81)*** | 0.76 (0.72–0.81)*** | 0.76 (0.72–0.81)*** | | Current smoker | 0.84 (0.78–0.89)*** | 0.83 (0.77–0.89)*** | 0.83 (0.77–0.90)*** | | Currently drinks alcohol | 1.03 (0.98–1.10) | 1.03 (0.97–1.09) | 1.03 (0.97–1.09) |
| | Housing conditions | | | | | House has dirt floor | 0.74 (0.69–0.83)*** | 0.78 (0.7–0.86)*** | 0.79 (0.71–0.87)*** | | House has no electricity | 0.67 (0.53–0.85)*** | 0.71 (0.57–0.88)* | 0.73 (0.59–0.91)** |
| | Individual-level interactions | | | | | Rural*no education | 0.85 (0.72–0.98) | 0.86 (0.73–1.03) | 0.96 (0.79–1.17) | | Rural*secondary/technical Education | 1.15 (1.00–1.34) | 1.13 (0.97–1.31) | 1.02 (0.86–1.2) | | Rural*college education or more | 1.18 (0.73–1.67) | 1.15 (0.68–1.96) | 0.99 (0.58–1.72) | | Male*no education | 0.66 (0.55–0.80)*** | 0.66 (0.54–0.8)*** | 0.64 (0.53–0.78)*** | | Male*secondary/technical education | 1.04 (0.90–1.17) | 1.04 (0.92–1.19) | 1.05 (0.93–1.2) | | Male*college education or more | 2.08 (1.75–2.67)*** | 2.08 (1.7–2.54)*** | 2.09 (1.7–2.56)*** |
| | σ 2 (Municipio) | 0.11 | 0.11 | 0.10 | | σ 2 (PSU) | 0.06 | 0.05 | 0.05 |
| | AIC | 38984.4 | 38931.7 | 38913.7 |
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Analysis weighted by P_ADULT. Results are from the entire adult ENSANUT 2006 sample, . Numbers in parentheses are confidence intervals.
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