The Association between a History of Parental Addictions and Arthritis in Adulthood: Findings from a Representative Community Survey

Table 2

Logistic regression models of factors associated with arthritis.

	Demographics; (𝑛=12893)			Demographics and SES; (𝑛=12853)			Demographics and health behaviours; (𝑛=12635)			Demographics and childhood stressors; (𝑛=12760)			Demographics and mental health; (𝑛=12881)			Fully Adjusted Model; (𝑛=12460)
	OR	95% CI		OR	95% CI		OR	95% CI		OR	95% CI		OR	95% CI		OR	95% CI
Key variables of interest
Parental addiction
No	1.00	Referent		1.00	Referent		1.00	Referent		1.00	Referent		1.00	Referent		1.00	Referent
Yes	1.58	1.38–1.80		1.56	1.37–1.79		1.54	1.35–1.76		1.33	1.15–1.53		1.49	1.30–1.70		1.30	1.12–1.51
Control variables
Sex
Male	1.00	Referent		1.00	Referent		1.00	Referent		1.00	Referent		1.00	Referent		1.00	Referent
Female	1.46	1.32–1.60		1.40	1.27–1.55		1.58	1.42–1.75		1.41	1.28–1.56		1.39	1.26–1.53		1.43	1.28–1.59
Age, years
12–39	1.00	Referent		1.00	Referent		1.00	Referent		1.00	Referent		1.00	Referent		1.00	Referent
40–49	3.70	3.12–4.39		3.97	3.34–4.72		3.36	2.82–3.99		3.79	3.19–4.51		3.75	3.16–4.45		3.72	3.12–4.45
50–59	8.45	7.19–9.94		8.88	7.53–10.47		7.24	6.13–8.54		8.57	7.26–10.12		8.54	7.25–10.06		7.78	6.55–9.24
60–69	14.48	12.16–17.23		12.97	10.86–15.50		12.27	10.26–14.67		15.22	12.74–18.18		15.28	12.82–18.22		12.56	10.41–15.16
70–79	20.85	17.35–25.05		16.87	13.93–20.43		19.00	15.74–22.94		21.69	17.99–26.16		22.24	18.48–26.77		17.79	14.55–21.75
≥80	25.63	20.67–31.80		19.42	15.49–24.35		25.12	20.11–31.38		27.24	21.87–33.93		27.47	22.11–34.13		22.72	17.90–28.84
Race
White	1.00	Referent		1.00	Referent		1.00	Referent		1.00	Referent		1.00	Referent		1.00	Referent
Visible minority	0.91	0.78–1.07		0.85	0.72–1.00		0.92	0.78–1.09		0.87	0.74–1.03		0.93	0.79–1.09		0.86	0.73–1.02
Adult Socioeconomic Status
Education
Less than high school	—	—	—	1.22	1.08–1.38		—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	1.16	1.02–1.32
High school graduate	—	—	—	1.07	0.95–1.20		—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	1.06	0.94–1.19
Postsecondary graduate	—	—	—	1.00	Referent		—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	1.00	Referent
Household income
Missing data	—	—	—	1.21	1.04–1.42		—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	1.21	1.03–1.43
<$15,000	—	—	—	2.05	1.68–2.49		—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	1.72	1.40–2.11
$15,000–$29,999	—	—	—	1.63	1.39–1.90		—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	1.49	1.27–1.75
$30,000–$49,999	—	—	—	1.44	1.26–1.64		—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	1.35	1.18–1.55
≥$50,000	—	—	—	1.00	Referent		—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	1.00	Referent
Adult health behaviours
BMI category
Underweight or normal	—	—	—	—	—	—	1.00	Referent		—	—	—	—	—	—	1.00	Referent
Overweight	—	—	—	—	—	—	1.40	1.25–1.57		—	—	—	—	—	—	1.40	1.24–1.57
Obese	—	—	—	—	—	—	2.13	1.87–2.43		—	—	—	—	—	—	2.05	1.80–2.34
Missing data	—	—	—	—	—	—	1.12	0.82–1.53		—	—	—	—	—	—	1.15	0.83–1.58
Smoking status
Current or former	—	—	—	—	—	—	1.42	1.27–1.59		—	—	—	—	—	—	1.36	1.21–1.52
Never	—	—	—	—	—	—	1.00	Referent		—	—	—	—	—	—	1.00	Referent
Alcohol use
Abstainer/very light drinker	—	—	—	—	—	—	1.49	1.11–2.00		—	—	—	—	—	—	1.50	1.11–2.02
Lower consumption	—	—	—	—	—	—	1.23	0.91–1.68		—	—	—	—	—	—	1.33	0.97–1.82
Higher consumption	—	—	—	—	—	—	1.00	Referent		—	—	—	—	—	—	1.00	Referent
Physical activity level
Active	—	—	—	—	—	—	1.00	Referent		—	—	—	—	—	—	1.00	Referent
Moderate	—	—	—	—	—	—	1.02	0.88–1.19		—	—	—	—	—	—	1.01	0.87–1.18
Inactive	—	—	—	—	—	—	1.18	1.03–1.35		—	—	—	—	—	—	1.14	1.00–1.31
Childhood stressors
Physically abused as a child
No	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	1.00	Referent		—	—	—	1.00	Referent
Yes	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	2.27	1.90–2.70		—	—	—	1.91	1.60–2.30
Parents unemployed for a long time
No	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	1.00	Referent		—	—	—	1.00	Referent
Yes	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	1.16	0.97–1.38		—	—	—	1.14	0.95–1.36
Parents divorced
No	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	1.00	Referent		—	—	—	1.00	Referent
Yes	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	0.98	0.83–1.17		—	—	—	0.96	0.80–1.15
Mental health
Has mood disorder
No	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	1.00	Referent		1.00	Referent
Yes	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	1.97	1.61–2.41		1.66	1.35–2.05
Has anxiety disorder
No	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	1.00	Referent		1.00	Referent
Yes	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	1.74	1.39–2.17		1.71	1.36–2.16

OR indicates odds ratio; CI: confidence interval; BMI: body mass index; SES: socioeconomic status.
Odds ratios statistically significant at the 𝑃<0.05 level are in bold.
Source: subsample of Canadian provinces of Manitoba and Saskatchewan in the 2005 Canadian Community Health Survey.