The Nexus between Child Marriage and Women Empowerment with Physical Violence in Two Culturally Distinct States of India

Table 2

Profile of the respondents in the age group 20–24 and their partner, NFHS-3 2006-07, India.

Background characteristics	India	Bihar	Tamil Nadu
Witnessed father beating mother
No	75.5	66.1	57.6
Yes	18.6	24.5	39.4
Do not know	5.8	9.4	3.1
Wife beating justified
Not justified	44.9	46.2	32.8
Justified any one reason	55.1	53.8	67.2
Husband consuming alcohol
No	66.6	60.1	62
Yes	33.4	39.9	38
Educational level of respondent
No education	33.8	58.7	13.6
Primary	15.8	12.6	18.5
Secondary	45.1	26.8	56
Higher	5.4	1.9	11.9
Husband’s education
No education	20.1	34.6	12
Primary	15.0	11.8	18.4
Secondary	53.5	42.4	57.7
Higher	10.8	10.2	11.9
Do not know	0.7	1.1	—
Occupation of the respondent
Not working	69.4	79.6	68.6
Agricultural	18.7	15.5	13.2
Nonagricultural	4.6	2.4	6.7
Manual labor	7.3	2.4	11.5
Husband’s occupation
Not working	1.1	2.7	0.2
Agricultural	24.6	21.7	17.6
Nonagricultural	30.6	31.9	23.5
Manual labor	43.6	43.7	58.7
Spousal age difference
Less than 5 years	41.9	40.2	35
5 to 9 years	41.7	44.5	45.5
10 and above	16.4	15.3	19.5
Place of residence
Urban	39.4	35.1	53.5
Rural	60.6	64.9	46.5
Household structure
Nuclear	46.4	43.3	61.6
Nonnuclear	53.6	56.7	38.4
Household wealth
Poor (40)	34.4	54.4	19.5
Middle (20)	46.6	33.2	64.2
Rich (40)	19.0	12.3	16.3
Caste/tribe
SC/ST	33.2	15.0	31.2
Others	66.8	85.0	68.8
Religion
Hindu	74.8	80.4	88.9
Muslim	14.4	19.3	5
Others	10.9	0.3	6.1
Total ()	10514	373	523