Urine Glycoprotein Profile Reveals Novel Markers for Chronic Kidney Disease

Figure 3

Global view of biological processes of differentially expressed urinary glycoproteins in CKD. Urinary glycoproteins that were differentially detected in CKD subjects were associated with biological functions using GO process annotations. This approach demonstrated significant overrepresentation of proteins involved in several categories, including regulation of response to stress, platelet activation/hemostasis/coagulation, acute-phase response, regulation of biological processes, localization, secretion, transport, and cell death. A bipartite network (generated using Cytoscape [24]) showing the relationship between GO process annotations (yellow hexagon nodes) and differentially regulated proteins in CKD subjects (white/red/green circular nodes). The size of the GO nodes is proportional to the number of edges (lines) that connect them to proteins. The 10 proteins that are altered with 𝑞-value of < 0.05 are depicted in red (up-regulation) and green (down-regulation) in CKD subjects. GAA, 70 kDa lysosomal alpha-glucosidase; APOD, Apolipoprotein D; FETUA: Alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein chain B; ORM1, Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein 1; SERPINC1, Antithrombin-III; GLB1, Beta-galactosidase; CP, Ceruloplasmin; CUBN, Cubilin; EGF, Epidermal growth factor; E9KL23, Epididymis secretory sperm binding protein Li 44a; LGALS3BP, Galectin-3-binding protein; GOLPH2, Golgi phosphoprotein 2; HP, Haptoglobin beta chain; IGHG1, Ig gamma-1 chain C region; IGHG2, Ig gamma-2 chain C region; KNG1, Kininogen 1; LRG, Leucine-rich alpha-2-glycoprotein; SERPING1,Plasma protease C1 inhibitor; PTGDS, Prostaglandin D2 synthase 21 kDa; TF, Transferrin; AMBP, Trypstatin; UMOD, Uromodulin; AZGP1, Zinc-alpha-2-glycoprotein.