Bisphenyl-Polymer/Carbon-Fiber-Reinforced Composite Compared to Titanium Alloy Bone Implant
Figure 2
Photograph imaging of 1.5 mm diameter bisphenyl-polymer/carbon-fiber implants and tissue: (a, b) upper cortical bone plate with osteoid growing up the composite implant surface. (c) Fracture of the bone after fixation. (d) Separate tests not included in the statistical analysis incorporated minor insignificant bisphenyl-polymer/carbon-fiber fragments as particulate cuttings retained along the implant before surgery which resulted in an overly exuberant collagenous osteoid response extruded on the lower cortical plate over the implant end. (e) Dissection exposes an extremely tough fibrous cuff surrounding the entire implant circumference. (f) Tissue dissection of the fibrous cuff provides evidence of carbon fine particulate and fiber fragments.
