Review Article
Scaffolds for Growth Factor Delivery as Applied to Bone Tissue Engineering
Table 3
Recent publications of GF-loaded hydrogels.
| Growth factor | Polymer | Quantity loaded | Release | Reference |
| rhBMP-2 and VEGF | Silk | 40 μg/mL VEGF 60 μg/mL BMP-2 | ~15% VEGF after 28 days ~15% BMP-2 after 28 days | [147] |
| rhBMP-2 | PEG | 50 mg/mL | ~56% after 15 days for glycosylated rhBMP-2, ~35% after 15 days for nonglycosylated | [154] |
| BMP-2 | Alginate | Up to 25 μg/mL
| ~85% after 14 days | [46] |
| BMP-2 | Alginate | 40 μg/mL | ~98% after 7 days | [25] |
| BMP-2 | Hyaluronic acid | 150 μg/mL | Not disclosed | [55] |
| BMP-2 | Hyaluronic acid | 150 μg/mL | Not conducted (animal study) | [64] |
| BMP-2 | Chitosan | 0.75 mg/mL | Not conducted (animal study) | [79] |
| BMP-2 | Chitosan or hyaluronic acid | 0.75 mg/mL | Not conducted (animal study) | [148] |
| BMP-2 | Collagen-hydroxyapatite composite PEG | 200 μg/mL | ~72% after 3 days, ~95% after 7 days | [149] |
| BMP-2 and VEGF | Hyaluronic acid | 0.01 mg/mL VEGF 0.01 mg/mL BMP-2 | ~100% after 4 days for fast degrading hydrogels ~100% after 7 days for slow degrading hydrogels (VEGF releasing slightly slower than BMP-2) | [49] |
| BMP-2 | Hyaluronic acid | 200 μg/mL | ~10% after 24 hours ~25% after 35 days | [66] |
| VEGF-A and PDGF-BB | Alginate | 30 μg/mL PDGF-BB and/or 3 μg/mL VEGF-A165 | ~50% VEGF after 24 hours, ~80% after 30 days ~15% PDGF-BB after 24 hours, ~75% after 30 days | [155] |
| FGF and VEGF | PEG heparin | 1 or 5 μg/mL | ~10% after 4 days | [153] |
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