Fibrous Agricultural Biomass as a Potential Source for Bioconversion to Vanillic Acid

Table 2

Total soluble lignin in black liquor produced from six different biomasses through alkaline and organosolv treatment at 120°C for an hour (; ).

Biomass	Organosolv treatment	Alkaline treatment
	Soluble lignin; (mg g^−1 biomass; d.b.)	Soluble lignin; (mg g^−1 biomass; d.b.)
EFBF	255.15 ± 28.19^aD	418.18 ± 12.73^bC
CCF	373.94 ± 29.56^aE	510.30 ± 38.88^bD
PP	160.91 ± 8.67^aA	221.82 ± 29.97^bA
PCL	180.61 ± 6.19^aB	265.76 ± 15.89^bB
KBF	210.00 ± 18.79^aC	393.64 ± 49.17^bC
KCF	147.58 ± 12.47^aA	250.00 ± 4.04b^AB

(a) EFBF: palm oil empty fruit bunch fiber; CCF: coconut coir fiber; PP: pineapple peel; PCL: pineapple crown leaves; KBF: kenaf bast fiber; KCF: kenaf core fiber.
(b) a-b: different alphabets in the same row represent that there are significant differences between the mean values of the different treatments ().
(c) A–E: different alphabets in the same column represent that there are significant differences between the mean values of the different biomasses ().