Research Article
Fibrous Agricultural Biomass as a Potential Source for Bioconversion to Vanillic Acid
Table 4
Total nonferulate phenolic compounds (NFPC) and percentage of ferulic acid (FA) content in total phenolic compounds (TPC) in lignin-free liquor produced from six different biomasses through alkaline and organosolv treatment at 120°C for an hour (; ).
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(a) EFBF: palm oil empty fruit bunch fiber; CCF: coconut coir fiber; PP: pineapple peel; PCL: pineapple crown leaves; KBF: kenaf bast fiber; KCF: kenaf core fiber. (b) GAE represents gallic acid equivalent. (c) a–e: different alphabets in the same column represent that there are significant differences between the mean values of the different biomasses (). (d) A-B: different alphabets in the same row represent that there are significant differences between the mean values of the different treatments (). |