Fibrous Agricultural Biomass as a Potential Source for Bioconversion to Vanillic Acid

Table 5

Cell growth (based on dry cell weight) and vanillic acid yield from fermentation Aspergillus niger I-1472 on lignin-free liquor produced from six different biomasses through alkaline and organosolv treatment at 120°C for an hour ; .

Biomass	Organosolv treatment		Alkaline treatment
	Cell growth dry cell weight); g L^−1)	Vanillic acid yield; mg L^−1)	Cell growth (dry cell weight); g L^−1)	Vanillic acid yield; mg L^−1)
Blank	9.13 ± 0.8	n.d
Control	8.40 ± 0.5	2.74 ± 0.28
EFB	15.57 ± 2.07	n.d	11.17 ± 1.43	n.d
CCF	13.33 ± 0.80	n.d	11.67 ± 0.40	n.d
PP	12.93 ± 0.30	1.21 ± 0.20	11.57 ± 1.33	1.05 ± 0.05
PCL	14.90 ± 0.27	0.82 ± 0.02	11.77 ± 0.50	0.53 ± 0.11
KB	14.77 ± 2.27	n.d	12.00 ± 1.27	n.d
KC	15.53 ± 0.60	n.d	11.80 ± 1.00	n.d

(a) EFBF: palm oil empty fruit bunch fiber; CCF: coconut coir fiber; PP: pineapple peel; PCL: pineapple crown leaves; KBF: kenaf bast fiber; KCF: kenaf core fiber.
(b) n.d means not detected.