Suitability of Aquatic Plant Fibers for Handmade Papermaking

Table 2

Types of paper produced from aquatic and other nonwood plant species.

Species	Part	Parameter tested	Paper properties tested	Paper types	Reference (s)
(1) Eichhornia crassipes		Physical properties	Fiber dimension, derived value	Greaseproof paper	Goswami and Saikia [23]
	Lf	Chemical properties	Cellulose, hemicelluloses, pentosan
		Paper properties	Degree of freeness, burst index, tear index, tensile index
(2) Arundo donax		Physical properties	Fiber dimension, derived value	Printing and writing paper
	In	Chemical properties	Cellulose, lignin, ash		Ververis et al. [5]
		Paper properties	Slenderness ratio, tearing resistance
(3) Musa paradisiaca	S	Physical properties	Fiber dimension, derived value	Greaseproof paper	Goswami et al. [24]
		Chemical properties	Cellulose, hemicelluloses, lignin, ash, silica
		Paper properties	Burst index, tear index, tensile index, blister, double-fold number, degree of freeness
(4) Saccharum sp.		Physical properties	Fiber dimension, derived value	Writing and printing paper	Agnihotri et al. [25]
	Bg	Chemical properties	Holocellulose, cellulose, hemicelluloses, ash, silica
		Paper properties	Tensile index, tear index, burst index, double-fold number
(5) Zea mays	Rs	Physical properties	Fiber dimension, derived value	Fiber plate, rigid cardboard and cardboard paper	Kiaei et al. [26]
		Chemical properties	Cellulose, lignin, ash
(6) Bambusa tulda	St	Physical properties	Fiber dimension, derived value	Writing and printing paper	Sharma et al. [27]
		Chemical properties	Cellulose, holocellulose, lignin, ash
(7) Brassica napus	St	Physical properties	Fiber dimension, derived value	Composites, paper and paperboard	Tofanica et al. [22]
		Chemical properties	Cellulose, holocellulose, pentosan, lignin, ash, silica

Aquatic plants (no. 1-2); crop plants (no. 3–5); commercial plants (no. 6); vegetable plants (no. 7). Lf: leaf; In: internode; S: stem; Bg: bagasse; Rs: residue; St: stalk.