Preparation of Two-Layer Anion-Exchange Poly(ethersulfone) Based Membrane: Effect of Surface Modification

Figure 3

The SEM surface images (500x magnification) of treated membranes using different extraction solvents: (a) PES membrane without modification and extraction treatment, (b) AEM coated with surface on membrane 1 after the extraction in chloroform, (c) AEM coated with surface on membrane 2 after the extraction in chloroform, (d) AEM coated with surface on membrane 1 after the extraction in toluene, (e) AEM coated with surface on membrane 2 after the extraction in toluene, and (f) AEM coated with surface on membrane 1 after the extraction in THF.

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