Lignocellulosic Composites Prepared Utilizing Aqueous Alkaline/Urea Solutions with Cold Temperatures
Table 2
Parameters for experiments conducted.
Experiment
Matrix (%)
Reinforcement (%)
Matrix stirring (rpm : min)
Reinforcement stirring (rpm : min)
Reaction temperature (°C)
Solvent volume (ml/panel)
Temperature
25
75 OOW
350 : 15
350 : 10
−5, −7.5, −10, −12.5, or −15
45
Matrix concentration
15, 25, 30, or 35
85, 75, 70, or 65 OOW/AF
350 : 15
350 : 10
−12.5
45
Solvent volume
25
75 OOW/AF
350 : 15
350 : 10
−12.5
45, 60, 75, 90, or 105
Alkaline treatments
25
75 OOW/AF
350 : 15
350 : 10
−12.5
60
All experiments unless noted otherwise were conducted using a 4.6% LiOH·H2O/15% urea alkaline aqueous formulation. See Table 1 for the alkaline aqueous formulations employed.