Residual Strain Monitoring and Dynamic Characteristics of Hybrid Hollow Square Tube with Metal–FRP–Metal Sandwich Walls

Table 4

Comparison of the longitudinal residual strains of the fiber layers.

Material combination	Stacking sequence	Curing processes	Residual strains (με)
Steel/UD-CFRP^a	[St/05/St]	MRCC	−810
	[03/St/06]S	MRCC	−800 [9]
	[0/90/St/0/90]	MRCC	−556 [18]
	[St/04/St/02]S	MRCC	−786 [15]
	[St/04/St/02]S	Modified MRCC	−682 [15]
	[010/St]	MRCC	−478 [16]
Aluminum alloy/UD-CFRP^a	[Al/04/Al]	MRCC	−922 [17]
	[Al/04/Al]	CFRP clamped	−734 [17]
Aluminum alloy/UD-GFRP^b	[Al/02/Al/02/Al]	MRCC	−732 [26]
Titanium alloy/UD-CFRP^a	[07/Ti/07/Ti/07/Ti]	MRCC	−550 [10]

^aUnidirectional carbon fiber-reinforced polymer prepregs.
^bUnidirectional glass fiber-reinforced polymer prepregs.