Aging Effects on the Mechanical Performance of Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Composites

Table 1

Effect of the third phase on the performance of composites (before aging).

Third phase	Specs of the third phase	Weight %	Reinforcement	Matrix	Test method/standard	Properties/remarks
AFMWCNT [96]	Diameter: 20-30 nm; Length: 20-30 μm	1.5 wt%	Carbon fiber	Araldite LY556 epoxy	Tensile test; Shear test; ASTM D 3039 [99]	In-plane shear modulus 3.89 GPa
Electrospun functionalized polyacrylonitrile grafted glycidyl methacrylate (PAN-g-GMA) nanofibers [97]	PAN Mw: 150 kDa; GMA 97% purity	5 layers of nanofibers (1 g nanofiber per square meter)	Carbon fiber	Araldite LY 564	Tensile test; Short beam shear strength test; ASTM D 3039; ASTM D 2344 [98]	Short beam shear strength 46.8 MPa
GNPs [99]	GNP (xGNP M-25)	1.0 wt%	Carbon fiber	Epon 828 epoxy	Tensile test ASTM D 638-15 [21]	Tensile modulus 70.65 GPa
MWCNT [100]	Code: US4306	1.0 wt%	Carbon fiber	Epoxy	Tensile test ASTM D 3039	Tensile modulus (transverse) 6.8 GPa
SiC particulate filler [101]	35 μm and bulk density of 1.49 g/cm^3	10.0 wt%	Carbon fiber	Epoxy (MOMENTIVE-MGS) L285	ILSS ASTM D 2344	ILSS 139 MPa
Carbonized ethyl acetate/sucrose at 290°C in air to modify the surface of carbon fiber [102]	Tianjin Fuyu Chemical Reagents Co.	—	Carbon fiber	TDE-85 epoxy resin (4,5-epoxycyclohexyl-1,2-diglycidyl diformate; epoxy value, 0.85)	ILSS ASTM D 2344	ILSS 34 MPa
GNP [23]	Diameter: 0.5-5 μm; Thickness: 100-200 nm	5 wt%	Carbon fiber	DGEBA (GY6010)	In-plane shear test ASTM D 5379 [106]	In-plane shear modulus 6.8 GPa
PEEK [21]	—	6 wt%	Twill weaved carbon fiber	bisphenol-A-based epoxy resin (Araldite LY 556)	SBS ASTM D 2344	Short beam shear (SBS) 45 MPa