Clinical Assessment and Management of Spondyloarthritides in the Middle East: A Multinational Investigation
Table 2
Summary of clinical and disease characteristics, comorbidities, and treatment of patients, overall and by diagnosis.
Characteristic
Number (%)
All patients ( = 169)
AS patients ( = 74)
PsA patients ( = 61)
IBD-related SpA ( = 10)
Reactive arthritis ( = 5)
Undifferentiated SpA ( = 19)
Diagnosis
Ankylosing spondylitis
74 (43.8)
—
—
—
—
—
Psoriatic arthritis
61 (36.2)
—
—
—
—
—
Inflammatory bowel disease-related SpA
10 (5.9)
—
—
—
—
—
Reactive arthritis
5 (2.9)
—
—
—
—
—
Undifferentiated SpA
19 (11.2)
—
—
—
—
—
Disease pattern
Predominantly axial involvement
61 (36.1)
55 (74.3)
2 (3.3)
1 (10)
0 (0)
3 (15.8)
Predominantly peripheral involvement
66 (39.0)
1 (1.4)
41 (67.2)
8 (80)
5 (100)
11 (57.9)
Axial and peripheral involvement
38 (22.5)
16 (21.6)
16 (26.2)
1 (10)
0 (0)
5 (26.3)
Not known
4 (2.4)
2 (2.7)
2 (3.3)
0 (0)
0 (0)
0 (0)
Radiographic sacroiliitis present
Yes
—
61 (82.4)
—
—
—
—
No
—
9 (12.2)
—
—
—
—
Unknown
—
4 (5.4)
—
—
—
—
HLA-B27 status
Positive
64 (37.9)
51 (68.9)
13 (15.3)
Negative
35 (20.7)
22 (29.7)
13 (15.3)
Unknown
70 (41.4)
1 (0.1)
69 (72.6)
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (0–100 mm/h)
24.9 (14.7)
36.4 (19.1)
32.8 (16.8)
C-reactive protein (mg/L)
23.2 (14.1)
17.9 (16.8)
20.9 (30.5)
Comorbidities
Uveitis
26 (15.4)
19 (25.7)
3 (4.9)
1 (10)
1 (20)
2 (10.5)
Inflammatory bowel disease
9 (5.3)
2 (2.7)
0 (0)
—
1 (20)
0 (0)
Psoriasis
56 (33.1)
1 (1.4)
—
0 (0)
0 (0)
0 (0)
Cardiovascular disease
3 (1.8)
2 (2.7)
1 (1.6)
0 (0)
0 (0)
0 (0)
Hepatitis B
1 (0.6)
0 (0)
1 (1.6)
0 (0)
0 (0)
0 (0)
Hepatitis C
7 (4.1)
5 (6.8)
1 (1.6)
1 (10)
0 (0)
0 (0)
Tuberculosis
0 (0)
0 (0)
0 (0)
0 (0)
0 (0)
0 (0)
Human immunodeficiency virus
0 (0)
0 (0)
0 (0)
0 (0)
0 (0)
0 (0)
Current NSAID/DMARD treatment
NSAIDs
114 (67.4)
53 (71.6)
40 (65.6)
1 (10)
4 (80)
16 (84.2)
Methotrexate
36 (21.3)
2 (2.7)
29 (47.5)
0 (0)
0 (0)
5 (26.3)
Sulfasalazine
23 (13.6)
9 (12.2)
1 (1.6)
7 (70)
3 (60)
3 (15.8)
Hydroxychloroquine
0 (0)
0 (0)
0 (0)
0 (0)
0 (0)
0 (0)
Leflunomide
7 (4.1)
—
—
—
—
—
Current biologic treatment
Biologic
57 (33.7)
30 (40.5)
21 (34.4)
2 (20)
0 (0)
4 (21.1)
Adalimumab
19 (11.2)
9 (12.2)
8 (13.1)
2 (20)
0 (0)
0 (0)
Certolizumab
1 (0.6)
1 (1.4)
—
—
—
—
Etanercept
25 (14.8)
15 (20.3)
7 (11.5)
0 (0)
0 (0)
3 (15.8)
Golimumab
2 (1.2)
2 (2.7)
0 (0)
0 (0)
0 (0)
0 (0)
Infliximab
8 (4.7)
4 (5.4)
3 (4.9)
0 (0)
0 (0)
1 (5.3)
Ustekinumab
3 (1.8)
3 (4.1)
0 (0)
0 (0)
0 (0)
0 (0)
Values are a mean (SD); 1 patient was recorded to be receiving etanercept and adalimumab. AS: ankylosing spondylitis; DMARD: disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs; IBD: inflammatory bowel disease; NSAID: nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory; PsA: psoriatic arthritis; SpA: spondyloarthritides.
