Hard Physical Work Intensifies the Occupational Consequence of Physician-Diagnosed Back Disorder: Prospective Cohort Study with Register Follow-Up among 10,000 Workers
Table 4
The prospective associations between back pain intensity, physician-diagnosed back disorder, physical activity at work, and risk of LTSA. “No pain” refers to back pain intensity of 0–2 (0–9 scale) and “High pain” as back pain intensity of ≥5.
N
%
Model 1
Model 2
Model 3
Model 4
HR (95% CI)
HR (95% CI)
HR (95% CI)
HR (95% CI)
No pain, no back disorder, light work
3990
55.4
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
No pain, back disorder, light work
1109
15.4
1.30 (0.81–2.09)
1.35 (0.82–2.23)
1.37 (0.83–2.26)
1.33 (0.81–2.19)
High pain, no back disorder, light work
268
3.7
2.18 (1.66–2.85)
2.10 (1.57–2.80)
1.98 (1.48–2.65)
1.85 (1.38–2.48)
High pain, back disorder, light work
88
1.2
2.29 (1.67–3.13)
2.21 (1.58–3.08)
1.97 (1.39–2.78)
1.81 (1.27–2.56)
No pain, no back disorder, hard work
635
8.8
1.34 (1.02–1.75)
1.38 (1.04–1.84)
1.35 (1.02–1.81)
1.36 (1.02–1.81)
No pain, back disorder, hard work
471
6.5
1.96 (1.00–3.82)
2.02 (0.99–4.10)
2.09 (1.03–4.26)
2.11 (1.04–4.30)
High pain, no back disorder, hard work
396
5.5
2.58 (1.92–3.46)
2.43 (1.77–3.33)
2.16 (1.56–3.00)
1.96 (1.41–2.74)
High pain, back disorder, hard work
240
3.3
3.29 (2.33–4.64)
3.32 (2.31–4.77)
3.05 (2.12–4.41)
2.80 (1.93–4.06)
Model 1: Adjusted for age and gender. Model 2: model 1 + psychosocial work environment (influence at work, emotional demands, support from colleagues, and support from leader). Model 3: model 2 + lifestyle (smoking, leisure physical activity, and BMI). Model 4: model 3 + depression and mental health.
