is the mixing length for subgrid scales; is the von Kármán constant; is the distance to the closest wall; is the Smagorinsky constant, 0.1; is the local grid scale.
The new filter width is equal to two times the grid filter width ; is the SGS stress tensor with ; is the added value of SGS stress tensor with two times consecutive filtering compared to the filtering only with .
is the wall distance; is the strain rate; , , and are constants; is the normal to the wall inner scaling. is the maximum edge length for a rectilinear hexahedral cell; is the wall-normal grid spacing.