Involvement of Inflammation and Adverse Vascular Remodelling in the Blood Pressure Raising Effect of Repeatedly Heated Palm Oil in Rats

<table>Blood pressure in all groups during the study period. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. FPO, fresh palm oil: 1HPO, one-times-heated palm oil: 5HPO five-time-heated palm oil; 10HPO ten-time-heated palm oil. <svg height="17.825001" id="M37" style="vertical-align:-3.276pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 69.150002 17.825001" width="69.150002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,2.9,5.525)"><use xlink:href="#x2217"></use></g>
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,10.5,14.875)"><use xlink:href="#x1D443"></use></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,26.037,13.688)"><use xlink:href="#x3C"></use></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,40.724,13.688)"><use xlink:href="#x30"></use></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,48.884,13.688)"><use xlink:href="#x2E"></use></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,52.76,13.688)"><use xlink:href="#x30"></use></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,60.919,13.688)"><use xlink:href="#x35"></use></g>
</svg> between pre- and posttreatment values for the same group; <svg height="19.65" id="M38" style="vertical-align:-3.276pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 70.224998 19.65" width="70.224998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,2.9,7.35)"><path d="M624 398l-8 -50h-120l-40 -185h112l-8 -50h-115l-52 -239h-59l51 239h-148l-52 -239h-59l53 239h-126l9 50h128l41 185h-121l8 50h124l47 214h59l-48 -214h149l46 214h59l-47 -214h117zM439 348h-148l-40 -185h147z" id="x23"></path></g>
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,11.575,16.7)"><use xlink:href="#x1D443"></use></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,27.112,15.5)"><use xlink:href="#x3C"></use></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,41.799,15.5)"><use xlink:href="#x30"></use></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,49.959,15.5)"><use xlink:href="#x2E"></use></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,53.835,15.5)"><use xlink:href="#x30"></use></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,61.994,15.5)"><use xlink:href="#x35"></use></g>
</svg> versus control; <svg height="19.9625" id="M39" style="vertical-align:-3.276pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 68 19.9625" width="68" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,2.9,7.662)"><path d="M268 -96h-46q2 45 1 111q0 203 -29 267q30 55 33 123q-82 -3 -127 -32q-33 13 -52 47q20 35 53 47q43 -28 126 -32q-2 51 -9.5 78.5t-28.5 64.5q22 42 56 61q33 -17 56 -61q-21 -37 -28.5 -64.5t-9.5 -78.5q85 4 127 32q13 -5 28.5 -18.5t23.5 -27.5q-19 -34 -52 -48
q-47 29 -127 32q3 -63 34 -123q-31 -69 -31 -267q0 -75 2 -111z" id="x2020"></path></g>
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,9.35,17.012)"><use xlink:href="#x1D443"></use></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,24.888,15.825)"><use xlink:href="#x3C"></use></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,39.574,15.825)"><use xlink:href="#x30"></use></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,47.734,15.825)"><use xlink:href="#x2E"></use></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,51.61,15.825)"><use xlink:href="#x30"></use></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,59.769,15.825)"><use xlink:href="#x35"></use></g>
</svg> versus FPO; <svg height="19.9625" id="M40" style="vertical-align:-3.276pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 67.987503 19.9625" width="67.987503" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,2.9,7.662)"><path d="M443 127q-20 -34 -51 -47q-48 29 -130 32q2 -51 10 -79t30 -66q-24 -42 -56 -61q-34 19 -56 61q21 38 29 66.5t10 78.5q-82 -3 -130 -32q-13 5 -28 18.5t-23 28.5q8 14 23 28t28 18q47 -28 130 -31q-2 60 -10 91t-29 49q21 21 29 51.5t10 85.5q-79 -1 -130 -32
q-13 5 -28 18.5t-23 28.5q8 14 23 28t28 18q47 -28 130 -31q-2 39 -10 65.5t-29 63.5q22 42 55 61q32 -17 57 -61q-22 -37 -30 -63.5t-10 -65.5q84 3 128 31q34 -10 53 -46q-7 -14 -22.5 -28t-28.5 -19q-51 31 -130 32q2 -55 10 -85.5t29 -51.5q-22 -19 -30.5 -50t-8.5 -87
v-3q83 3 130 31q13 -4 28 -18t23 -28z" id="x2021"></path></g>
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,9.337,17.012)"><use xlink:href="#x1D443"></use></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,24.875,15.825)"><use xlink:href="#x3C"></use></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,39.562,15.825)"><use xlink:href="#x30"></use></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,47.721,15.825)"><use xlink:href="#x2E"></use></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,51.597,15.825)"><use xlink:href="#x30"></use></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,59.756,15.825)"><use xlink:href="#x35"></use></g>
</svg> versus 1HPO.</table>

International Journal of Vascular Medicine

fig1

Figure 1

Figure 1: Involvement of Inflammation and Adverse Vascular Remodelling in the Blood Pressure Raising Effect of Repeatedly Heated Palm Oil in Rats 