The Effects of Walking or Walking-with-Poles Training on Tissue Oxygenation in Patients with Peripheral Arterial Disease

Table 1

Demographic characteristics of the sample.

Characteristic	Combined	Walking with poles	Traditional walking	𝑃 value
	𝑛=85	𝑛=45	𝑛=40
Age, years	69.4±9.1	71.7±9.2	66.8±8.5	.012
ABI	0.63±0.18	0.62±0.20	0.63±0.17	.75
Weight, kg	89.6±16.4	89.1±14.4	90.4±18.7	.71
BMI, kg/m^2	29.0±4.9	29.2±4.4	28.9±5.5	.77
ICT, min	4.45±3.67	4.18±3.34	4.70±3.98	.32
AWT, min	8.47±4.05	8.58±3.92	8.35±4.22	.77
Peak oxygen uptake, ml·kg^−1·min^−1	14.3±2.9	14.0±2.7	14.6±3.1	.39
Sex, % male	93%	91%	95%	.66
Race, % caucasian	78%	80%	77%	.78
Current smoking, % yes	35%	36%	33%	.66
Diabetes,% yes	49%	47%	52%	.93
Hypertensive, % yes	85%	78%	92%	.54
Dyslipidemia, % yes	74%	76%	73%	.79

AWT: absolute walking time; ICT: initial claudication time.