The Effects of Walking or Walking-with-Poles Training on Tissue Oxygenation in Patients with Peripheral Arterial Disease

Table 3

Exercise times at baseline and 12 weeks, intent-to-treat analysis (𝑛=85).

	Traditional walking group		Walking-with-poles group
	Walking time minutes; (mean ± SD); 𝑛=40	Within group; 𝑃 value	Walking time minutes; (mean ± SD); 𝑛=45	Within group; 𝑃 value	Between group; 𝑃 value
Initial claudication time
(i) Baseline	3.95±2.97	.034	3.33±2.75	.15
(ii) 12 wk	5.23±4.29		3.98±3.50
(iii) Change	1.28±3.68		0.64±2.94		.38
Absolute walking time
(i) Baseline	8.01±4.01	.000	7.76±4.01	.92
(ii) 12 wk	11.30±5.14		7.83±5.57
(iii) Change	3.73±3.15		1.74±2.42		.002
Time to nadir value
(i) Baseline	4.25±4.16	.000	3.69±3.07	.22
(ii) 12 wk	7.94±5.89		4.30±3.87
(iii) Change	3.59±5.19		0.60±3.23		.002

Time to nadir value: time elapsed to reach nadir StO₂ value. Above analyses were adjusted for age.