The Effects of Walking or Walking-with-Poles Training on Tissue Oxygenation in Patients with Peripheral Arterial Disease

Table 4

Exercise times at baseline and 12 weeks for those who completed training (𝑛=71).

	Traditional walking group		Walking-with-poles group
	Walking time minutes; (mean ± SD); 𝑛=36	Within group 𝑃 value	Walking time minutes; (mean ± SD); 𝑛=35	Within group; P value	Between group; 𝑃 value
Initial claudication time
(i) Baseline	4.69±3.98	.043	4.18±3.34	.135
(ii) 12 wk	5.86±4.80		5.03±4.11
(iii) Change	1.16±3.64		0.85±3.46		.69
Absolute walking time
(i) Baseline	8.35±4.22	.000	8.60±3.92	.000
(ii) 12 wk	12.31±4.27		10.83±3.77
(iii) Change	3.97±3.14		2.24±2.41		.017
Time to nadir value
(i) Baseline	4.05±4.15	.000	4.55±3.70	.132
(ii) 12 wk	8.07±6.05		5.45±4.45
(iii) Change	4.01±5.13		0.89±3.56		.009

Time to nadir value: time elapsed to reach nadir StO₂ value. Above analyses were adjusted for age.