Development and Evaluation of Automotive Speech Interfaces: Useful Information from the Human Factors and the Related Literature

Table 4

Driving performance statistics from selected studies (S: speech; M: manual, K: keyboard).

Study	Method	Lane keeping	Brake reaction time	Peripheral detection time	Following distance
Carter and Graham [17]	Simulator	S < M	S < M
Forlines et al. [18]	Simulator	S < M	No diff.
Garay-Vega et al. [19]	Simulator	No diff.
Gärtner et al. [20]	On road	S < M
Itoh et al. [21]	Simulator	S < M	No diff.
Maciej and Vollrath [22]	Simulator	S < M
McCallum et al. [23]	Simulator	No diff.	No diff.
Minker et al. [9]	On road	S < M
Ranney et al. [24]	On road			S < M (0.8 versus 0.87 s)
Shutko et al. [25]	Simulator	S < M		S < M (Except incoming call)
Tsimhoni et al. [26]	Simulator	S < K			S < K (88 versus 167 m)
Villing et al. [27]	On road