Development and Evaluation of Automotive Speech Interfaces: Useful Information from the Human Factors and the Related Literature

Table 9

Enhanced version of Véronis [57] error-classification scheme.

	System		User
	Performance	Competence	Performance	Competence
Lexical level; (word)	Letter substitution; Letter insertion; Letter deletion	Word missing in dictionary; Missing inflection rule	Letter substitution; Letter insertion; Letter deletion; Letter transposition; Syllabic error; Slips of tongue	Nonword or completely garbled word
Syntactic level; (sentence structure)		Missing rule	Word substitution; Word insertion; Word deletion; Word transposition	Construction error
Semantic level; (meaning)		Incomplete or contradictory knowledge representation; Unexpected situation		Conceptual error includes: incomplete or contradictory knowledge representation; Pragmatic error includes: dialogue law violation