Visual and Chemical Prey Cues as Complementary Predator Attractants in a Tropical Stream Fish Assemblage

Table 1

Effects of different combinations of cues from two prey species indicating potential foraging opportunities on the local abundance of three predatory species in a nested ANOVA with observation site nested within prey species^*.

Predator	Prey cue	Treatment effects			Nested effects			Variance components
		𝐹	df	𝑃	Nested factor	𝐹	𝑃	Prey cue	Prey species	Site
C. alta	Visual	19.41	2,92	<0.0001	Prey species	1.02	0.3145	73.1%	5.2%	21.7%
	Chemical	0.09	2,92	0.91	Site	0.05	0.8234
A. pulcher	Visual	2.12	2,92	0.126	Prey species	0.92	0.3394	65.4%	17.4%	17.2%
	Chemical	6.36	2,92	0.0026	Site	23.58	<0.0001
A. bimaculatus	Visual	6.08	2,92	0.0033	Prey species	0.45	0.5036	52.7%	47.3%	0%
	Chemical	19.21	2,92	<0.0001	Site	6.71	0.0108

^*The interactions between prey cue types were nonsignificant in all tests so the analyses were limited to main and nested effects only.