Jaw Musculature of the Picini (Aves: Piciformes: Picidae)

Figure 7

An oblique deep view of the jaw muscles of Reinwardtipicus validus. amecl: adductor mandibulae externus caudalis medialis; amerm: adductor mandibulae externus rostralis medialis; amev: adductor mandibulae externus ventralis; dm: depressor mandibulae; prpt: protractor pterygoidei; prqt: protractor quadrati; psd s: pseudotemporalis superficialis; psd p: pseudotemporalis profundus; pter dor med: pterygoideus dorsalis medialis. LPO: postorbital ligament.