Chlamydophila pneumoniae Infection and Its Role in Neurological Disorders

Table 2

Molecular protocols employed for detection of C. pneumoniae in clinical specimens from MS patients.

MS patients (positive/total)	Controls (positive/total)	PCR assay	References
7/30 (23%)	0/56 (0%)	n-PCR^†	Layh-Schmitt et al. 2000 [81]
9/17 (52%)	13/15 (86%)	PCR^†	Li et al. 2000 [82]
2/8 (25%)		not reported^†	Treib et al. 2000 [83]
12/58 (21%)	20/47 (43%)	n-PCR^†	Gieffers et al. 2001 [84]
3/32 (9%)	0/30 (0%)	PCR^†	Sotgiu et al. 2001 [85]
11/16 (69%)		PCR^†	Ikejima et al. 2001 [86]
9/28 (32%)	2/15 (13%)	PCR^†	Hao et al. 2002 [87]
2/70 (2.9%)	0/30 (0%)	n-PCR^†	Chatzipanagiotou et al. 2003 [88]
23/107 (21%)	2/77 (3%)	Touchdown n-PCR^†	Grimaldi et al. 2003 [89]
2/25 (8%)	3/28 (11%)	n-PCR and semi-n-PCR^†	Rostasy et al. 2003 [90]
42/84 (50%)	25/89 (28%)	Touchdown n-PCR, RT-PCR^†	Dong-Si et al. 2004 [91]
26/71 (36.6%)	24/72 (33.3%)	Touchdown n-PCR^†	Contini et al. 2004 [92]
12/20 (60%)	1/12 (8%)	Touchdown n-PCR^†	Sriram et al. 2005 [93]
2/112 (2%)	0/110 (0%)	Real-time PCR^‡	Sessa et al. 2007 [94]
7–9/14 (50–64.3%)^†	0-1/19 (0–5.2%)^†	Touchdown n-PCR,	Contini et al. 2008 [95]
5–7/14 (35.7–50%)^‡	0–2/19 (0–10.5 %)^‡	RT-PCR^†‡,
64/80 (80%)	5/57 (9%)	PCR-EIA, Touchdown n-PCR, Real Time-PCR^†	Tang et al. 2009 [96]

n-PCR: nested PCR; RT-PCR: reverse transcriptase PCR; PCR-EIA: PCR enzyme immunoassay; ^†, CFS: cerebrospinal fluid; ^‡, PBMC: peripheral blood mononuclear cells.