| Diagnostic methods | Test name | Clinical specimen | Sensitivity | References |
|
Parasitic detection methods | LD bodies | Lymph node, bone marrow, splenic, and slit aspirates | spleen (93–99%) than for bone marrow (53–86%) or lymph node (53–65%) aspirates | [59, 76] | Culture (MCM) | Blood, lymph node, bone marrow, splenic, and slit aspirates | 100% in bone marrow and 77.8–100% in peripheral blood | [77] | Culture (TCM) | Blood, lymph node, bone marrow, splenic, and slit aspirates | 37.5–100% in bone marrow and 0–100% in peripheral blood | [77] |
|
Serological methods | DAT | Serum, urine | 94.8% | [78–81]
| ELISA/immunoblotting soluble antigens | Serum, urine | 100% | [82–84] | Recombinant antigens (rK39, rK26, rHSP70) | Blood, serum, and antigens | 100% | [85–88]
|
|
Molecular methods | PCR | Blood, serum, urine, lymph node, bone marrow,splenic, and slit aspirates | 73.2% | [89, 90] | PCR-ELISA | Blood, serum | 83.9% | [90] | Real-time PCR | Lymph node, bone marrow, splenic, and slit aspirates | 90–100% | [75] |
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