Clinical Study
Impact of Inappropriate Empiric Antimicrobial Therapy on Mortality of Septic Patients with Bacteremia: A Retrospective Study
Table 1
Baseline characteristics of septic patients with bacteremia by appropriateness of empiric antimicrobial therapy.
| | Baseline characteristics | All patients
() | Inappropriate first-dose antimicrobial therapy
() | Appropriate first-dose antimicrobial therapy
() |
| | Male no. (%) | 114 (49.8) | 37 (54.4) | 77 (47.8) | | Age | | | | | (i) Year—mean (SD.) | 63.5 (17.2) | 64.6 (18.4) | 63.0 (16.8) | | (ii) 65–79 yr.—no. (%) | 65 (28.4) | 21 (30.9) | 44 (27.3) | | (iii) ≥80 yr.—no. (%) | 46 (20.1) | 15 (22.1) | 31 (19.3) |
| | No. of comorbid illness—no. (%) | | | | | (i) Presence of co-morbid illnesses | 222 (96.9) | 66 (97.1) | 156 (96.9) | | (ii) 1 illness | 30 (13.1) | 6 (8.8) | 24 (14.9) | | (iii) 2 illnesses | 53 (23.1) | 14 (20.6) | 39 (24.2) | | (iv) ≥3 illnesses | 139 (60.7) | 46 (67.6) | 94 (57.8) |
| | Type of co-morbid illness—no. (%) | | | | | (i) Diabetes mellitus | 71 (31.0) | 18 (26.5) | 53 (32.9) | | (ii) Immunosuppressive* | 67 (29.3) | 19 (27.9) | 48 (29.8) | | (iii) Reduced mobility | 68 (29.7) | 20 (29.4) | 48 (29.8) | | (iv) Liver failure** | 50 (21.8) | 16 (23.5) | 34 (21.1) | | (v) Congestive heart failure NYFC 3-4 EF < 40% | 50 (21.8) | 14 (20.6) | 36 (22.4) | | (vi) Chronic kidney disease (serum creatinine ≥1.5 mg/dL) | 42 (18.3) | 16 (23.5) | 26 (16.1) | | (vii) Hematologic malignancies | 42 (18.2) | 9 (13.2) | 33 (20.5) | | (viii) Neutropenia (<500 cells/uL) | 41 (17.9) | 11 (26.8) | 30 (18.6) | | (ix) Metastatic solid cancer | 33 (14.4) | 10 (14.7) | 23 (14.3) | | (x) Chronic dialysis dependence (HD/PD) | 16 (7.0) | 5 (7.4) | 11 (6.8) | | (xi) COPD*** | 14 (6.1) | 4 (5.9) | 10 (6.2) | | (xii) AIDS (1993 CDC criteria)**** | 11(4.8) | 8 (11.8) | 3 (1.9) | | (xiii) Postoperative status | 13 (5.7) | 1 (1.5) | 12 (7.5) |
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*Immunosuppressive chemotherapy, radiation, or long-term steroid therapy ≥10 mg prednisone equivalent/day.
**Biopsy-proven cirrhosis, documented variceal hemorrhage or portal hypertension, hepatic ascites, or encephalopathy.
***Medication or oxygen requiring chronic restrictive, obstructive or vascular disease resulting in severe exercise restriction, that is, unable to climb stairs or perform household duties. Documented chronic hypoxia, hypercapnia, secondary polycythemia, severe pulmonary hypertension > 40 mmHg, respiratory dependency
****.
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