Epidemiology of Pediatric Tuberculosis and Factors Associated with Unsuccessful Treatment Outcomes in the Centre Region of Cameroon: A Three-Year Retrospective Cohort Study

Table 5

Factors associated with mortality among pediatric TB cases.

Demographic and clinical characteristics	Died N (%)	Alive N (%)	Univariate analysis		Multivariate analysis
			COR (95% CI)	-value	AOR (95% CI)	-value
Total	73 (12.0)	512 (83.9)
Gender
Female	38 (52.1)	258 (50.4)	1.06 (0.65–1.74)	0.790
Male	35 (47.9)	254 (49.6)	1
Age group (years)
0–4	33 (45.2)	212 (41.4)	1.17 (0.66–2.06)	0.576
9-May	16 (21.9)	119 (23.2)	1.01 (0.52–1.99)	0.968
10–14	24 (32.9)	181 (35.4)	1
Residence
Rural	16 (21.9)	128 (25.2)	0.83 (0.46–1.50)	0.544
Urban	57 (78.1)	138 (74.8)	1
Form of TB
Extra pulmonary TB	21 (28.8)	148 (28.9)	1.48 (0.78–2.81)	0.230	0.49 (0.11–2.13)	0.379
PTB−	31 (42.5)	145 (28.3)	2.23 (1.23–4.03)	0.008	0.55 (0.13–2.37)	0.394
PTB+	21 (28.8)	219 (42.8)	1	1
Method of diagnosis
Clinical diagnosis	53 (27.6)	294 (57.4)	1.96 (1.14–3.38)	0.015	2.22 (1.25–3.91)	0.006
Bacteriological diagnosis	20 (27.4)	218 (42.6)	1	1
Weight of child at TB initiation
0–7 kg	16 (21.9)	65 (12.7)	1.59 (1.08–6.23)	0.033	2.24 (0.89–5.67)	0.087
8–14 kg	17 (23.3)	109 (21.3)	1.64 (0.70–3.86)	0.252	1.21 (0.49–3.00)	0.667
15–21 kg	12 (16.4)	110 (21.5)	1.15 (0.46–2.85)	0.760	0.91 (0.34–2.40)	0.859
22–28 kg	10 (13.7)	58 (11.3)	1.82 (0.69–4.74)	0.221	1.48 (0.53–4.07)	0.448
29–35 kg	09 (12.3)	75 (14.6)	1.26 (0.47–4.34)	0.633	1.29 (0.47–3.55)	0.619
>35 kg	9 (12.3)	95 (18.6)	1	1
HIV status
HIV-positive	41 (56.2)	106 (20.7)	3.94 (2.29–6.76)	<0.001	4.23 (2.44–7.33)	<0.001
Unknown	06 (8.2)	141 (27.5)	0.43 (0.17–1.07)	0.072	0.44 (0.17–1.10)	0.081
HIV-negative	26 (35.6)	295 (51.8)	1	1
Treatment protocol
Pediatric regimen (2RHEZ + 4RH)	48 (11.8)	358 (88.2)	1
Adult regimen (2RHEZ + 4RH)	25 (14.0)	154 (86.0)	1.21 (0.72–2.03)	0.470
Type of health facility
Public	65 (89.0)	455 (88.9)	0.66 (0.18–2.38)	0.533
Faith-based	5 (6.8)	43 (8.4)	0.54 (0.11–2.56)	0.440
Private	5 (4.1)	14 (2.7)	1

PTB+: bacteriologically confirmed pulmonary TB. PTB−: clinically diagnosed pulmonary TB.