Sex Differences in the Relation between Comorbidities and Prognosis in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19

Table 5

Odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals of mortality according to the number of preexisting comorbidities in hospitalized patients with positive real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction test results for COVID-19.

Number of comorbidities	OR (95% CI) for death
	No comorbidity	One	Two	Three and more	value
Crude	1	1.82 (1.49–2.22)	2.08 (1.65–2.63)	2.67 (1.87–3.81)	<0.0001
Age-adjusted	1	1.11 (0.90–1.38)	1.10 (0.86–1.41)	1.38 (0.95–2.00)	0.108
Sex and age-adjusted	1	1.12 (0.90–1.38)	1.12 (0.87–1.44)	1.41 (0.97–2.05)	0.078
Men
Crude	1	2.11^1 (1.63–2.73)	2.08^2 (1.49–2.91)	2.74^3 (1.60–4.69)	<0.0001
Age-adjusted	1	1.40^4 (1.07–1.84)	1.16^5 (0.82–1.65)	1.43^6 (0.82–2.49)	0.086
Women
Crude	1	1.49^1 (1.09–2.03)	2.11^2 (1.51–2.93)	2.65^3 (1.63–4.28)	<0.0001
Age-adjusted	1	0.80^4 (0.57–1.13)	1.03^5 (0.72–1.46)	1.32^6 (0.79–2.19)	0.467

Comorbidities include coronary heart disease, chronic kidney disease, diabetes mellitus, cancer, and chronic respiratory disease. OR (95% CI), odds ratio (95% confidence interval). ¹ value for comparing OR in men with women, estimated by the z-test = 0.087. ² value for comparing OR in men with women, estimated by the z-test = 0.961. ³ value for comparing OR in men with women, estimated by the z-test = 0.921. ⁴ value for comparing OR in men with women, estimated by the z-test = 0.012. ⁵ value for comparing OR in men with women, estimated by the z-test = 0.623. ⁶ value for comparing OR in men with women, estimated by the z-test = 0.831.