Stunting as a Risk Factor of Soil-Transmitted Helminthiasis in Children: A Literature Review

Table 5

Summary of risk factors for STH infection in various studies.

Author (Year)	Population Number	Prevalence	Risk Factor	Effect Size	-value	Ref
Kounnavong et al. (2011)	570	215/570 (37.7%)	Socioeconomic status	AL^a OR^b = 0.61	0.043	[18]
			Age ≥48 months	HW^c OR = 1.75	0.041
Jimenez et al. (2013)	250	93/250 (37.2%)	2–5 years of age	Pantepec = 17.737	Pantepek = 0.000	[19]
				Chanal = 11.942	Chanal = 0.001
				Larrainzar = 7.343	Larrainzar = 0.007
Cabada et al. (2014)	62	24/62 (38.7%)	Malnutrition	N/A	0.2	[23]
Jimenez et al. (2019)	178	Al: 38/74 (51.3%)	Stunting	AL OR = 9.81	<0.001	[30]
Yoseph and Beyene (2020)	622	164/622 (26.4%)	Stunting	N/A	AL and HW=<0.001	[32]
					TT^d = 0.007
					SS^e = 0.22
			Low wealth status	aOR^f = 1.04	>0.05
			Drinking from unprotected water sources	aOR = 1.14	>0.05
			Consumption of raw vegetables	aOR = 2.65	<0.05
			Lack of sanitation facilities	aOR = 2.9	<0.01
			Not wearing shoes	aOR = 3.5	<0.01
			High number of family members	aOR = 2.7	<0.01

^aAscaris lumbricoides. ^bOdds ratio. ^cHookworm. ^dTrichuris trichiura. ^eStrongyloides stercoralis.^fAdjusted odds ratio. Chi-square test.