The Modes of Evolutionary Emergence of Primal and Late Pandemic Influenza Virus Strains from Viral Reservoir in Animals: An Interdisciplinary Analysis

Table 2

Quantitative presence of avian and human influenza virus receptors in chicken, turkey, and duck.

	Chicken	Chicken	Turkey	Turkey	Duck	Duck
	AR*	HR**	AR	HR	AR	HR
Tracheal epithelium	80–90***	30–90	80–90	30–90	80–90	30–90
Intestinal epithelium	50–80	20–50	40–70	Negligible	40–70	Negligible

*Avian receptors; **Human receptors; ***values are given as percentage, expressing the extent of specific receptor occurrence, in relation to the total occurrence of sialic-acid-containing receptors.