Research Article
Persistence of Avian Influenza Viruses in Various Artificially Frozen Environmental Water Types
Table 3
Examples of protracted gene and genome conservation in IAVs.
| Genes | Late isolate | Subtype | Duration of conservation | Early isolate | Subtype |
| NS | A/pintail duck /Akita/714/2006 | H5N2 | 11/34 (11 out of 34 years) | A/duck/Chabarovsk/1610/1972 | H3N8 [33] | NA | A/duck/Ontario/16/1977 | H2N1 | 9/27 | A/FW/1950 (human) | H1N1 [34] | NA
| A/USSR/90/1977 (human) | H1N1 | 25/27 | A/FW/1950 (human) | H1N1 [34] | All except M
| A/USSR/90/1977 (human) | H1N1 | ≤27 | A/FW/1950 (human) | H1N1 [35] | M
| A/USSR/90/1977 (human) | H1N1 | ≤30 | A/FM/1947 (human) | H1N1 [35] | All | A/Mongolia/111/ 1991 (human) | H1N1 | ≤57 | A/PR/8/1934 (human) | H1N1 [36] | HA
| A/Alma Ata/175/ 1983 (human) | H1N1 | ≤53 | A/swine/Iowa/15/1930 | H1N1 [37] | HA | A/lake Park ice/ Siberia/2002 | H1N1 | ≤64 | A/swine/UK/1938 | H1N1 [38] | NP and HA
| A/pintail duck /Ohio/25/1999 | H1N1 | ≤82 | A/Brant Goose/ 1/Alaska/1917 |
H1N? [39] | All
| A/duck/Vietnam/568/2005 | H5N1 | ≤8
| A/chicken/Hong Kong/220/1997 | H5N1 [40] | PB2
| A/chicken/Taiwan /G23/1987 | H6N1 | 15/15 | A/duck/Taiwan /526/1972 | H6N1 [13] | HA
| A/ChaingMai/4/1985 (human) | H3N2 | 3/3 | A/Philippines/2 /1982 (human) | H3N2 [41] | HA and NP
| A/swine/Quebec/ 296/1994 | H3N2 | ≤19 | H3N2/Canada/1975 (human) | H3N2 [42] | HA and NP
| A/swine/Quebec/ 148/1990 | H1N1 | ≤60 | A/swine/Iowa /15/1930 | H1N1 [43] | All | A/Baku/799/1982 (human) | H1N3 | ≤6 | A/whale/Pacific Ocean/19/1976 | H1N3 [44] |
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