Research Article

Job-Education Mismatch and Its Impact on the Earnings of Immigrants: Evidence from Recent Arrivals to Canada

Table 1

Descriptive statistics.

VariablesMean

Age (years)35.3
Male (1 if yes, zero if no)49.38
Female (1 if yes, zero if no)50.62
Married (1 if yes, zero if no)80.02
Highest level of educational attainment
 Less than high school (1 if yes, zero if no)12.9
 High school (1 if yes, zero if no)11.9
 Some college (1 if yes, zero if no)5.4
 College (1 if yes, zero if no) 10.1
 Bachelor degree (1 if yes, zero if no)41
 Graduate degree (1 if yes, zero if no)17.5
 Degree in dentistry, medicine, veterinary medicine, optometry, law, or theology (1 if yes, zero if no)1.2
 English or French is the mother tongue (1 if yes, zero if no)9.49
 Visible minority (1 if yes, zero if no)83.4
Field of study
 Educational, recreational and counseling services6.3
 Fine and applied arts2.07
 Humanities and related fields5.4
 Social sciences and related fields7.4
 Commerce, management and business administration19.4
 Agricultural and biological sciences and technologies2.3
 Engineering and applied sciences17.3
 Health professions, sciences and technologies3
 Mathematics and physical sciences5.4
Immigration category
 Family class (1 if yes, zero if no)26.90
 Skilled workers (1 if yes, zero if no)61.29
 Business class (1 if yes, zero if no)5.8
 Refugees (1 if yes, zero if no)4.58
 Provincial nominees (1 if yes, zero if no)0.88
Province of residence
 Quebec15.24
 Ontario48.07
 Western provinces14.91
 Atlantic provinces1.21
 British Columbia20.57
Host country human capital
 Postimmigration education or training in Canada (1 if yes, zero if no)58.9
 Has Canadian work experience (1 if yes, zero if no)69.4
 Working Part Time (1 if yes, zero if no)17.3
Source country human capital
 Has full time Foreign work experience (1 if yes, zero if no)74.8
 Foreign experience recognized (1 if yes, zero if no)74.8
 Has credentials78
 Number of credentials1.19

Source: Longitudinal Survey of Immigrants to Canada. Statistics are weighted using LSIC sampling weight. These summary statistics are calculated using the balanced sample of immigrants who were interviewed at the three waves of interviews.