Review Article

Esophageal Sarcoidosis: A Review of Cases and an Update

Table 1

Summary of case reports of esophageal sarcoidosis.

CasesSex of patientAge at onset of symptomsInvolvement and causeSymptomsTreatmentPresence of systemic involvement

Kerley [20]FNot knownDirect infiltration of lower esophagusDysphagiaNot knownYes
Siegel et al. [21]F59Direct infiltration of pharyngoesophageal junctionDysphagia and weight lossSurgical myotomyYes
Polachek and Marte [22]M65Direct infiltration of lower esophagusWeight loss and abdominal painSteroid therapyYes
Hardy et al. [23]F31Direct infiltration of lower esophagusDysphagia, weight loss, and dysphoniaSteroid therapyYes
Cook et al. [24]F29Extrinsic compression of mid esophagusDysphagiaSteroid therapyYes
Wiesner et al. [25]F33Direct infiltration of lower esophagus DysphagiaSurgical resectionYes
Davies [26]M49Direct infiltration of upper esophagusDysphagiaNot knownYes
Panosetti and Lehmann [27]F71Direct infiltration of pharyngoesophageal junctionDysphagiaSurgical myotomyNo
Dufresne et al. [28]F46Neural invasion of the lower esophagusDysphagiaSurgical myotomyYes
Aronson et al. [29]M82Neural invasion of lower esophagus Dysphagia and hoarsenessSteroid therapyYes
Nidiry et al. [30]F44Neural invasion of lower esophagusDysphagiaSteroid therapyYes
Cappell [31]M42Extrinsic compression of middle esophagusDysphagiaNot knownYes
Boruchowicz et al. [32]F30Neural invasion of lower esophagusDysphagiaSurgical myotomyYes
Geissinger et al. [33]F40Possible neural involvement of lower esophagusDysphagia and weight lossSteroids and proton pump inhibitorsYes
Lukens et al. [34]F48Direct infiltration of lower esophagusDysphagiaBotulinum toxin injection possibly followed by steroid therapyYes
Murdock and Jacob [35]F54Direct infiltration of lower esophagusAnemia and Barrett’s esophagusProton pump inhibitor therapyYes
Wasfi and Margolis [36]M45Neural invasion and extrinsic compression of upper esophagusDysphagiaSteroid therapyYes
Ohshimo et al. [37]M64Direct infiltration of pharyngoesophageal junctionDysphagiaSurgical myotomyYes
Bredenoord et al. [38]M29Neural invasion of the lower esophagusDysphagia and weight lossSteroid therapyYes
Nishikubo et al. [39]F73Direct infiltration of cricopharyngeal muscleDysphagiaSurgical myotomyYes
Samarasena et al. [40]M46Direct infiltration of mid esophagus causing strictureDysphagiaNot known Yes
Rustagi and Majumder [41]M45Extrinsic compression of mid esophagusDysphagia, chest pain, and esophageal ruptureIvor Lewis's esophagectomyYes
Ruiz et al. [42]M37Direct infiltration and neural invasion of lower esophagusDysphagia and odynophagiaLaparoscopic Heller's myotomy with fundoplicationYes